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What was the meaning of captivity captive? New American Standard Bible Psalm 68:
KJB took a more literal approach than ESV.
Now the question became:
Does the LXX Psalm 68:18 idiom denote the same concept as that in Ephesians 4:8?
Well, not exactly the same. The concept was updated with the Roman practice of triumphal procession.
Barnes explains:
He understood it as leading in triumph a long train of captives in King David's sense. When he wrote Ephesians 4:8, however, he understood it in its Roman sense of the idiom and applied the concept to Christ's triumph. By quoting Psalm 68, Paul demonstrated how the Old Testament prophecies found their fulfillment in Christ. This connection reinforced the continuity of God's redemptive plan throughout Scripture.
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
The double-word idiom meant leading in triumph a long train of captives, English Standard Version:
This idiom appeared in other verses, Judges 5:
Brenton Septuagint Translation: 2 Chronicles 28:
Now to the NT, English Standard Version Ephesians 4:
King James Bible:
KJB translated G161 as "captive" singular, not as "captivity". The original Greek was singular. Unlike KJB, ESV translators decided to translate the idiom G162 G161 in plural form as "he led [G162] a host of captives [G161]".
KJB took a more literal approach than ESV.
Now the question became:
Does the LXX Psalm 68:18 idiom denote the same concept as that in Ephesians 4:8?
Well, not exactly the same. The concept was updated with the Roman practice of triumphal procession.
Barnes explains:
The above picture was the updated Roman meaning. Further, when it was applied to Christ's victory, there was more meaning attached to the idiom:
What was Paul's understanding of Psalm 68?
He understood it as leading in triumph a long train of captives in King David's sense. When he wrote Ephesians 4:8, however, he understood it in its Roman sense of the idiom and applied the concept to Christ's triumph. By quoting Psalm 68, Paul demonstrated how the Old Testament prophecies found their fulfillment in Christ. This connection reinforced the continuity of God's redemptive plan throughout Scripture.