Architeuthus
Squid
No more than if any non-humans recognize what we describe as green, or sugar, or a flower. They're all labels which more or less successfully describe something. That another non-human animal can identify things in the real world seems to be a separate question from the labels we ourselves put them - unless those non-humans have independently created the exact same labels.
But birds have a number concept like ours. So numbers must be part of reality in some sense, and not purely a human construct. The labels are unimportant (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,... or I, II, III, IV, V,... both work, as do purely mental representations).
It isn't as if we generally teach all of the math which doesn't work for any useful purpose
Of course we do. It's called "pure math."
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