Were Batholomew and Nathanael the same person?

3 Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphæus, and Lebbæus, whose surname was Thaddæus;

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18 And Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphæus, and Thaddæus, and Simon the Canaanite,

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14 Simon, (whom he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew.

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45 Philip found Nathanael and told him, “We have found the one Moses wrote about in the Law, and about whom the prophets also wrote—Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.”

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Nathanael is usually identified with Bartholomew the Apostle mentioned in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts 1:13.[3][8] Notably, the television series The Chosen identifies Nathanael as Bartholomew.[9] The source for this identification is Bartholomew being a surname, and because Bartholomew and Philip are always paired together in the synoptic gospels.[10] The earliest known example of this identification is from Ishodad of Merv (c. 850). The earliest known reference in the West is in Rupert of Deutz (d. 1129).
However, some disagree with this identification. Augustine suspected that Nathanael was not one of the twelve at all because he was so versed in the law.[11] The earliest identification of Nathanael with one of the Twelve Disciples is found in the 2nd-century Epistula Apostolorum, where he is identified with or takes the place of James, son of Alphaeus.[12]

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