That is the era of the Protestant Reformation. The doctrines being challenged during thst period did not include that of the Genesis account. http://www.eldrbarry.net/heidel/heidel.htmDeamiter said:Actually it's been around 500 years (since the end of the dark ages) that people have challenged how the church traditionally interpreted the Bible.
The doctrines of creation came into clear question with the publications of Darwin (a naturalist's view of biology) and Lyell ( a uniformatarian's view of geology).Deamiter said:It was about 100 years before darwin (or 250 years ago) that geology started to erode the concept of a global flood and significantly change the timeline of prehistory.
Deamiter said:Anyway, since you're apparently unwilling to read the whole article (though it's VERY good, and much MUCH more readable than any scientific paper since it purposefully avoids jargon common to geology) here's the significant portions outlining the geological column in North Dakota. Note that a short discussion of why this represents the entire column is presented at the beginning of the paper. I'm not sure precisely how you expect somebody to outline the entire geological column in one paragraph to support the claim that the whole geological column exists in North Dakota. Still, if you like you could read just the conclusions (they're placed at the end).
Deamiter said:Edited to add: the main point of this discussion is to show that nowhere in the entire geological column -- down to the precambrium strata -- could the flood have occured. It's in response to a particular claim that if one of the layers could NOT have been created by the flood, then that layer is either above or below the REAL flood layer.
I have included the following from the ND Geologic Column publication..
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/geocolumn/[/color said:]
The Golden Valley Formation is made of two layers, a hard kaolinitic claystone and an upper member made of sandstone lenses interspersed with parallel bedding made from finer grained material as well as numerous incised channels cutting through the section. This bed contains a unique plant fossil Salvinia preauriculata. The list of plants remains found is quite long. The animals include fish, amphibians, reptiles (4 species of crocodile), mammals such as five genera of insectivores, three primates, rodents, a pantodont, an allothere, Hyracotherium, which is the ancestor of the horse, and an artiodactyl. Fresh water mollusks,and two species of insects are also found. There are also tree trunk molds. This means that the trees had time to rot away before they were buried by the next layer, meaning that this layer took some time to be deposited. (Hickey, 1977, p. 68-72,90-92,168)
The rest of the Tertiary consists of sediments like the Golden Valley followed by a gravel bed and topped by Glacial tills.
The W. H. Hunt Trust Estate Larson #1 will in Section 10 Township 148 N Range 101 W was drilled to 15,064 feet deep. This well was drilled just west of the outcrop of the Golden Valley formation and begins in the Tertiary Fort Union Formation. The various horizons described above were encountered at the following depths (Fm=formation; Grp=Group; Lm=Limestone):
Tertiary Ft. Union Fm ...........................100 feet
Cretaceous Greenhorn Fm ................... 4910 feet
Cretaceous Mowry Fm......................... 5370 feet
Cretaceous Inyan Kara Fm................... 5790 feet
Jurassic Rierdon Fm............................ 6690 feet
Triassic Spearfish Fm.......................... 7325 feet
Permian Opeche Fm............................ 7740 feet
Pennsylvanian Amsden Fm....................7990 feet
Pennsylvanian Tyler Fm....................... 8245 feet
Mississippian Otter Fm.........................8440 feet
Mississippian Kibbey Lm....................... 8780 feet
Mississippian Charles Fm.......................8945 feet
Mississippian Mission Canyon Fm............9775 feet
Mississippian Lodgepole Fm................. 10255 feet
Devonian Bakken Fm..........................11085 feet
Devonian Birdbear Fm.........................11340 feet
Devonian Duperow Fm........................11422 feet
Devonian Souris River Fm....................11832 feet
Devonian Dawson Bay Fm....................12089 feet
Devonian Prairie Fm...........................12180 feet
Devonian Winnipegosis Grp..................12310 feet
Silurian Interlake Fm......................... 12539 feet
Ordovician Stonewall Fm....................13250 feet
Ordovician Red River Dolomite.............13630 feet
Ordovician Winnipeg Grp....................14210 feet
Ordovician Black Island Fm................ 14355 feet
Cambrian Deadwood Fm.....................14445 feet Precambrian................................... 14945 feet
This topic of earths total age and sedimentation has nothing directly to do with the subject of the literal Genesis 1&2. However, a mention of the geologic column has been made in a prior post. I will therefore follow up with this reply. ...
The following is part of the concluding statement by the author of the N.D. publication which includes quotes of depths of and presentation of proposed geologic column above....
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What does all this mean?
First, as I have noted before, the concept quite prevalent among some Christians that the geologic column does not exist is quite wrong. Morris and Parker (1987, p. 163) write:
"Now, the geologic column is an idea, not an actual series of rock layers. Nowhere do we find the complete sequence."
They are wrong. You just saw the whole column piled up in one place where one oil well can drill through it. ..." (underline added)
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The claims is, that the column present in ND present the physical depth of each period, or age, defined by the geologic column, Therefore the entire depth of this geologic column also presents the entire period of time represented by the geologic column. Therefore these depths represent the proposed and corresponding period of time that the evolutionists have given to each of these periods and to the entire geologic column.
The Cretaceous and Jurassic periods will be used as the example that will demonstrate the unrealistic conclusions found in such a proposition. The Cretaceous will be presented here. The same conditions apply to the Jurassic period.
This data says that the top of the Cretaceous period begins at the 4910 ft level and continues down to 5790 ft. If that column in North Dakota presents the entire thickness of geologic column as it is claimed, that means the entire cretaceous age is represented in a column of deposition 880 ft deep. Now, the same Evolutionary theory places the beginning time of the Cretaceous layer at approx. 140 myrs. They say the Cretaceous period ended at about 65 myrs. That mean the Cretaceous period lasted for 55 million years. Some evolutionist move this time frame out to 80 million yrs.[ http://www.palaeos.com/Mesozoic/Cretaceous/Cretaceous.htm ] but for your benefit, in this particular case, well keep it at the minimum period of time.
Therefore, the ND Cretaceous layer that is supposed to represent the entire Cretaceous age says that it took 55 million years to lay down 880 feet of sediment. Do you have any remote idea of the amount of sediment that would represent being deposited per year, or even per 1000 years? Here is the infromation.
The average sediment depostition laid down per year if this layer only represented a 55,000 years period of time would then be (880 ft. divided by 55,000 yrs.) That equals .016 ft of deposition per year. That included the depositions of decomposition of the flora and founa (like brush, shrubs, trees, grass at that site for a time period of 55,000 years. That is using 55,000 yrs to represent the Cretaceous period. That actual shortest period of time offered by most evolutioists for the cretaceous period is 1000 times longer than this, that is 55,000,000.
Using the actual minimum time factor of 55,000,000 years for the Cretaceous layer, the average deposition rate would be reduced to .000016 ft per year.
With that kind of data, you and evolution, proposes that this part of this column represents the Cretaceous period and that these rates of deposition in both the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods will account for the fossilization of countless organisms the size of Dinosaurs and million of other organisms that SLOWLY EVOLVED over a period of from 55 to 80 million years?
Therefore the proposed ages used to represent the proposed periods of the geologic column and the geologic record and as prepresnted by the presence of the column in ND are as preposterous as the ages that the same evolutionary theory places on the dates of the fossils they find in these layers.
Therefore, I cannot accept this proposition as factual. Either the column in N.D. does not present the actual physical Geologic column that represents a total of 500, 000, 000 years of evolution, deposition and fossilization in the earths crust or if that column does represent the physical height of the total depositions of each of the proposed geological column and their collective ages, then the age, the actual period of time, represented by that entire geologic column cannot remotely represent the period of time proposed , as has been demonstrated by the Cretaceous example.
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