There are variations of thought as to what Jesus did for those three days. Most do believe he went to Abrahm's Bosom. To the thief on the cross, Jesus said today you will be with me in paradise, a reference to where the OT saints were being kept. When Jesus led captivity captive he broke these saints out of paradise and they went to heaven.
A case by some is is made that Jesus went to Tartarus, another compartment in hell. the idea that he went to more than one compartment of hell is found from Psalm 63:9 “But those that seek my soul, to destroy it, shall go into the lower
parts of the earth.”
This teaching and following quote is based on teaching by Bob Yandian.
The Lower Parts of the Earth — Bob Yandian Ministries
"II Peter 2:4 “For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment…”
The word for “hell” in this verse is “Tartarus.” II Peter 2:4 is the only scripture in the New Testament where “Tartarus” is found. This is the place where the fallen angels were cast and are presently bound in chains and are in darkness, waiting for the day of judgment.
Jude 6 “And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day.”
I Peter 3:19 “By which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison.” Jesus went into all three compartments under the earth. “Spirits in prison” in I Peter 3:19 is not a reference to human spirits. When a reference is being made to human spirits the terms “spirits of just men” or “spirits of wicked men” are used. But when “spirits” appears alone, it is a reference to the angels that fell and left their first estate. These are the angels that are bound in Tartarus."
So the three parts of the lower regions are said to be Abraham's bosom, Tarturus, and Hades, the place that the rich man went and saw Abraham in the next compartment. Even in this teaching, it is not too clear to me why Jesus would have gone to this part called hades.
Some only see two parts of hell but Tarturus seems to indicate a third compartment. That Jesus went to all three is likely the most controversial idea. I think most think only Abraham's bosom. But what were the spirits he preached too if only Abraham's bosom? Regardless, I am certain that all the prophecies were fulfilled and that Jesus conquered over all of hell and did everything that was needed.