conviction

Usually, feeling conviction is something like, well, feeling guilt for something. "God convicted me about..." Say a high schooler goes drinking a lot and the message in church really hits home. God has convicted them about what they're doing.
Did that make any sense? That was kind of a crummy example.

Conviction holds promise of reward for repentance and comes from the Lord. Guilt is from the enemy and usually runs a person away from the truth of the light and destroys them. If a person is guilty of sin, they may prefer to hide their sins in the darkness instead of bringing them to the light for the forgiveness God could give them from conviction. Same thing with different results - from different sources.
We want to be sure that we understand where things are coming from in our Christian lives. Sometimes the enemy will try and make us guilty over things that are long-time ago forgiven, but satan keeps digging up the past to make us guilty and lose faith in God's work in us. That would be guilt which doesn't come from God. Satan is the accuser of the brethren.

Revelation 12:10 And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night.