Somehow the existance sacred numbers in ancient near east cultures keeps getting overlooked whenever I mention it. Quite simply, people in the Assyrian, Egyptian and Hebrew cultures often chose a number not because it was 'counting-accurate' but because it had a deeper cultural significance. In the Bible, 120 years is considered the most perfect age and is reserved exclusively for Moses. In other Egyptian writings, 110 years is considered the most perfect age and it is interesting that it is reserved for Joseph.
Were the authors lying when using these non-factual numbers? Of course not! To them, expressing honor for one's ancestors through giving them a sacred age was far more accurate than simply recording the number of years they'd lived.
This isn't just a guess either -- it's been well established throughout the ancient middle east, and it'd be a severe mistake to dismiss it simply because in our culture we are obsessed with facts and don't much care about meaning!
Anyway, I challenge anybody who questions the use of sacred numbers in Biblical ages to read this article. Heck, I challenge anybody who finds it plausable to read the article as it outlines the reasons for such a conclusion and cites dozens of resources for anybody who wants to make sure the author is accurately describing the evidence.
Warning -- PDF (675 KB)
http://www.asa3.org/aSA/PSCF/2003/PSCF12-03Hill.pdf
Were the authors lying when using these non-factual numbers? Of course not! To them, expressing honor for one's ancestors through giving them a sacred age was far more accurate than simply recording the number of years they'd lived.
This isn't just a guess either -- it's been well established throughout the ancient middle east, and it'd be a severe mistake to dismiss it simply because in our culture we are obsessed with facts and don't much care about meaning!
Anyway, I challenge anybody who questions the use of sacred numbers in Biblical ages to read this article. Heck, I challenge anybody who finds it plausable to read the article as it outlines the reasons for such a conclusion and cites dozens of resources for anybody who wants to make sure the author is accurately describing the evidence.
Warning -- PDF (675 KB)
http://www.asa3.org/aSA/PSCF/2003/PSCF12-03Hill.pdf
conclusion said:The fact that the numbers in Genesis may have been contrived
or intentional rather than real is difficult for
many people to accept. Does this compromise the integrity
of the Bible and mean that the Bible cannot be trusted?
Does it mean that it cannot be taken literally? No, it
means only that the text must be approached from the
culture of the people who wrote it. We have
to try and get into the minds of these
ancient people and understand what made
them tickjust like modern missionaries
must try and understand the world view
of the people they are trying to evangelize.
In the case of Genesis, we must try to understand
the text from the world view of the
ancient Near East of ~2000 BC, not from the
world view of the early 1600s AD (King
James) Europe or the scientific world view of
the twentieth through twenty-first centuries.
Peoples of the ancient Near East simply did
not think along the same lines, or express
themselves in the same manner, as the European
races.65
The important question to ask is: Is Genesis,
and the record of the patriarchs from
Adam to Abraham, to be considered mythological
or historical? Ironically, by interpreting
the numbers of Genesis literally
Christians have created a mythological world
that does not fit with the historical or scientific
record. Or as Hyers aptly put it: unwittingly,
literal or concordist views are
secular rather than sacred interpretations of
the text.66 The literal (or numerical) view
is secular while the symbolic (or numerological)
view is sacred because that is how
the original biblical author(s) intended for it
to be. To faithfully interpret Genesis is to be
faithful to what it really means as it was
written, not to what people living in a later
age assume or desire it to be. It is also ironic
that the mythological world created by
many well-intentioned and serious literal
Christians, based partly on the numbers in
Genesis, has caused millions of people to
reject the Bible and the truths contained
therein.