Yada Yah-
The Scripture that is cited most often in order to defend the theology of predestination is Romans 9ff. But that portion of Scripture actually extends from Romans 9:1 to 11:32, and was used by St. Paul to explain to Gentiles why Israel as a nation had not accepted Christ. In that era each city had its own patron deity, which all the citizens of that city worshipped together. Even though Rome itself was an 'open city' when it came to religions, there Jupiter, as head of the gods, was to be given recognition.
But when the Gentiles looked at Judea, they did not see this recognition shown to Christ, and that confused them. So St. Paul explained that as a nation Israel had not been called to accept Christ so that the gospel could get out to the Gentiles. Otherwise we would have had to find it wrapped up in the trappings of Judaism.
As for St. Paul's attitude toward the law, he wrote quite plainly that the law was good in Romans 7:14-24. But along with saying the law was good, he also said that due to his own inherent weakness, a problem that affects all mankind, he law could never keep those laws as they should be kept.
What he described is now known as Paradoxical Intention. That term was applied to it by a psychologist who recognized that all mankind has a quirk in our nature, namely, that the harder we try to do something, the faster we fail to accomplish what we are trying to do. St. Paul described this quirk in himself when he tried to keep the laws and commandments of Torah, but it applies to literally everything we humans try to do, whether it be keeping the law or blocking out unpleasant memories.