According to the books, Muhammad had personally ordered the deaths of people for various offenses such as being a spy, opposing him with poetry, interrupting his prayer, being affiliated with his opposition, being the sibling of someone who has opposed him, slander, adultery, ...and also claiming to be a prophet. All said an done, there were around 50 instances on record.
According to what books? Yes, Muhammad did order some executions unlike Jesus. The difference is that Muhammad was a governor and Jesus was not. Yes, treason was a capital offense as it is virtually everywhere. As for adultery, the Qur'an makes it virtually an unprovable crime requiring four eyewitnesses to the act of penetration. How likely is that? The penalty for slander is eighty lashes, not death, but that is what you'll get if you accuse a woman of adultery and can't produce four eyewitnesses. I don't know where he ever executed anyone for interrupting his prayer or being a sibling of an opponent. However, since there are volumes and volumes of ahadith or oral traditions compiled centuries after the Prophet's passing you probably could find something along those lines. Doesn't mean the Muhammad actually did those things.
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