In Acts 13:42-44, how easy it would have been for Paul to tell these gentiles, "hey, no worries, we don't have to wait until next Sabbath. I can preach to you tomorrow, and we can make some headway! Since tomorrow is the resurrection of our Lord!" But no, Paul simply went along with these gentiles, and met with them the NEXT Sabbath, where the WHOLE city came together to hear the Word of God. This would have been a perfect opportunity to introduce Sunday.
Or he could have saved some time, and preached to the Gentiles the next day on Sunday, and if he was really concerned about impressing the Jews, he would have met with the Jews the next Sabbath. Why lose all that time? It makes no sense.
While the Jews are not Christians, all those Jews that accepted Jesus Christ, BECAME Christians. And many Jews that believed CONTINUED preaching, this time the Gospel, in the Synagogues. The Synagogues BECAME the early version of "Church". In Acts 15:19-21, you have the Apostle James, testifying that these uncircumcised Christian believers, would continue to meet in the Synagogue (that is, Christian Synagogues) every Sabbath to hear the Word of God.
Now note Luke 23:56:
"And they [the women] returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment." (Luke 23:56)
Luke admits here that the Sabbath was still part of God's commandments 35 years after Christ's death on the cross. According to Hebrews 9:16-20, a covenant is not in effect until after the death of the testator and the shedding of blood. Exodus 24 confirms this where it says the covenant at Sinai was not ratified until the shedding of the blood of an Ox. That's when the covenant (which became "old" due to Israel's failure) was put in place, AFTER the Sabbath was part of "my law" in Exodus 16.
Christ had already died the day before, sealing the covenant, and the New Covenant was already in effect. IF the Sabbath was abolished with the Old Covenant, then it would have been impossible for Luke, a gentile, to recognize that the Sabbath was still
"according to the commandment." Impossible. It would no longer have been part of the commandment.
In addition, it is important to realize that the Sabbath was part of
"my law" (God's law, not the Law of Moses) in Exodus 16:4, before they reached Sinai. And
no sacrifices were held on it, like they were held on the Passover in Exodus 12. It is disconnected from the remedial laws of Moses being spoken about in Galatians. The context of Galatians has to do with circumcision (mentioned 12 times), and the observance of feast days. Not the weekly Sabbath mentioned in stone. If Paul were including the 4th commandment, then he would be contradicting himself in Hebrews 4:9,10, where those who enter into God's eternal rest, will also cease from their own works on the seventh day as God did from His. The Sabbath REMAINS as a symbol of that eternal rest in Christ, which was offered to Israel even in the Old Testament. It is not abolished. And all those who preach such nonsense are preaching a doctrine from HELL. It is a demonic and sadistic assault on God's heavenly law.
In Acts 15, the
central matter was over circumcision. Why? Because circumcision was the "entry-point" or "gateway" so to speak to the observance of the entire Ceremonial Laws of Moses.
This can be testified in Exodus 12:43-49 (read them). In these passages, it tells us explicitly that in order for male gentiles to participate in the Passover, by both EATING AND KEEPING the Passover Feast, they must be circumcised. Circumcision was the "gateway" requirement for gentiles to keep the Feasts.
Not so with the Sabbath. The Sabbath was "standalone" to the festal calendar. While the weekly Sabbath was "fixed" every 7 days, the Feasts wandered and landed according to the ripening of the Barley Harvest. It was also not a requirement to be circumcised in order to keep the Sabbath. This can be attested to in the following verses:
"But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates." (Exodus 20:10)
"Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed."(Exodus 23:12)
Again this can be seen in Isaiah 56:1-8. Gentiles who were within the communion of Israel, were to observe the Sabbath, whether circumcised or not. It was not a requirement to be circumcised in order to keep the Sabbath. But for the Passover, which was the first of the 7 feasts of the Jewish year, they indeed were.
This proves that in Acts 15, when the question came as to whether the converted Gentiles were to observe Circumcision, and the Law of Moses or not, that the question under consideration was all those requirements which circumcision was "tied" to. Since the Sabbath is nowhere tied to circumcision in scripture, the Sabbath cannot be under consideration. And the fact that they gave them 4 commands (Fornication, Abstaining from Blood, Things Offered to Idols, and Things Strangled--commands for the Alien in Lev. 17-19) is proof positive that the Ten Commandments were not under consideration. If they were, these 4 commands would give the impression that they were now giving the Gentiles license to dishonor their parents, to seal, to covet, to murder, and take God's name in vain.
Verse 21 in Acts 15 nails it, that James still expected the Gentiles, like in the time of Moses, to continue meeting in the Synagogue every Sabbath and hear the reading of the Law of Moses. And they would be uncircumcised! Therefore, circumcision was NOT a requirement to observe the Sabbath, and since the topic of Acts 15 was circumcision, you can be sure that the Sabbath was not part of the equation of something that was to be abolished for Christians.
In addition to all that, here is some additional information:
"According to Genesis, God instituted the Sabbath to mark an invariable rhythm for human life. Six days for work, then one day for rest. This was a natural cycle, established as part of Creation itself.
The will of God regarding this seven-day cycle is reiterated in the story of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt. Their daily sustenance was manna (“food from heaven” Ps. 78:24), which they gathered each morning, six days a week. On the seventh day there was no manna. They ate leftovers – miraculously preserved – from the previous day.
Later, at Mt. Sinai, the weekly cycle, with its Sabbath, was embedded at the heart of the Ten Commandments: “Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work, but the seventh day is the sabbath…” Ex. 20:9, 10.
This seventh-day Sabbath was unique. It recurred with regularity without reference to the motion of sun, moon, or stars.
Not so with other important cycles in Hebrew life. The calendar itself, based on the phases of the moon, required the periodic insertion of extra months to keep it more or less synchronized with the seasons and the solar year. Passover and other holidays were tied to the cycle of the seasons.
Take a closer look at Passover and you’ll see the contrast between the annual feast days and the weekly Sabbath. Passover occurred during the first month of the religious year – Nisan. It triggered the schedule of holidays for that year. The Passover meal was followed by the week-long Feast of Unleavened Bread. During that week, on the "morrow after the sabbath,” the priest was supposed to ceremoniously wave a sheaf of newly cut barley before the Lord. (See Lev. 23:10, 11.)
This means that the Passover celebration could not begin before the barley harvest. If the barley was not mature by the beginning of Nisan an extra month would be inserted. This would push back Passover and the other holidays by a full month. Thus the feast days could wander back and forth within the seasons, depending on the agricultural cycle.
But the Sabbath, marking the perpetual rhythm of the seven-day week, was immune to the quirks of calendars, agricultural cycles, and feast days." (http://myemail.constantcontact.com/Wandering-Feast-Days.html?soid=1102336588879&aid=CGfhAYF_T-4)