How has the theory of evolution of changed since Darwin's original published work. Is his ideas 100% consistent with modern scientific knowledge?
God Bless
There are
some significant differences.
For example, Darwin espoused a highly gradualistic approach to evolution. We know this is not true now. Changes take place over many generations, but selection pressures tend to be concentrated in certain time spans - the well dried out and now the hunting ground is going bare; a meteor struck and everything is changing; a new predator is encroaching on your territory... A creature well-adapted to its environment will essentially be selected for "more of the same", so what we should observe is long spans of creatures remaining more or less the same (at
equilibrium),
punctuated by periods of rapid growth. Or, in other words, the theory of punctuated equilibrium.
Another place where Darwin was clearly wrong was in the placement of a single common ancestor. Darwin knew nothing of (and indeed could know nothing about - both the organisms responsible and the evidence for it would not be discovered until long after his death) horizontal gene transfer, and the role it played at the base of the tree of life. Ever hear about that asinine New Scientist issue about "DARWIN WAS WRONG"? Yeah, that's what they're talking about, and once you get past the hype and the countless creationists quote-mining the article for all it's worth, there's actually a pretty interesting story in there.
I'm sure you could find more. Darwin lived before much of the fossil evidence we know of today was found. He lived before the field of genetics was founded. He lived before the discovery of DNA. He lived before we even had any knowledge of bacteria and viruses. That said, for all the things Darwin got wrong, the amount of stuff he got right, even in the absence of any knowledge of genetics, is
astounding. It's actually a testament to how strong the theory is that you can read through
Origins today, then read through a modern biology textbook, and see so many significant similarities.