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Three different Hebrew words in Genesis refer to the idea of ruling over.
ESV Genesis 1:
לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת (lə·mem·še·leṯ)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 4475: Rule, a realm, a ruler
The greater light is the H4475-ruler of the day.
וְלִמְשֹׁל֙ (wə·lim·šōl)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 4910: To rule, have dominion, reign
The sun, moon, and stars H4910-rule over the day and over the night.
Two chapters later in Genesis 3:
יִמְשָׁל־ (yim·šāl-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4910: To rule, have dominion, reign
over you.”
בָּֽךְ׃ (bāḵ)
Preposition | second person feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew no number
Is the preposition 'over' implicit in the original Hebrew?
The preposition is explicit in Hebrew as a prefix to the noun.
Brown-Driver-Briggs H4910:
Genesis 1:26
וְיִרְדּוּ֩ (wə·yir·dū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 7287: To tread down, subjugate, to crumble off
over the fish
בִדְגַ֨ת (ḇiḏ·ḡaṯ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1710: A fish
ESV Genesis 1:
to rule16 God made the two great lights—the greater light to rule [H4475] the day and the lesser light to rule the night—and the stars.
לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת (lə·mem·še·leṯ)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 4475: Rule, a realm, a ruler
The greater light is the H4475-ruler of the day.
to preside over17 God set them in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth, 18 to rule [H4910] over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good.
וְלִמְשֹׁל֙ (wə·lim·šōl)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 4910: To rule, have dominion, reign
The sun, moon, and stars H4910-rule over the day and over the night.
Two chapters later in Genesis 3:
{will} rule16 To the woman he said, “I will surely multiply your pain in childbearing; in pain you shall bring forth children. Your desire shall be contrary to your husband, but he shall rule [H4910] over you.
יִמְשָׁל־ (yim·šāl-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4910: To rule, have dominion, reign
over you.”
בָּֽךְ׃ (bāḵ)
Preposition | second person feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew no number
Is the preposition 'over' implicit in the original Hebrew?
The preposition is explicit in Hebrew as a prefix to the noun.
Brown-Driver-Briggs H4910:
H4910 is used with God, the sun, the moon, stars, and humans. They all H4910-rule over their respective realms in their specific contexts.1 human subject, rule, have dominion over ...
2 of heavenly bodies, with בְּ Genesis 1:18.
3 of God, with בְּ
Genesis 1:26
to ruleThen God said, "Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule [H7287] over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground."
וְיִרְדּוּ֩ (wə·yir·dū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 7287: To tread down, subjugate, to crumble off
over the fish
בִדְגַ֨ת (ḇiḏ·ḡaṯ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1710: A fish
- The sun, moon, and stars H4910-rule over the day and night.
- Adam H4910-rules over Eve.
- Mankind H7287-subjugates animals.