The circumstances under which Deborah took a leadership role were abnormal.
Really?
So God wasn't able to raise up a male judge - he had to go against his own will and appoint a woman? Deborah was judge for some time, not just a week, or month. Judges 5:31 says that the land had peace for 40 years. True, it doesn't say that Deborah was judge for all that time, but that's the way it's written - when there were judges, the people followed God and were at peace; when there were no judges, they didn't and weren't.
Anyway, if God were to contradict his will and command even for a day, that would weaken his position and the argument.
Your question should really be "What does the New Testament teach about women in leadership in the home and in the church?" We have many plain Scriptures that clearly spell out the roles of Christian men and women, as well as the spiritual rationale for maintaining them.
We have many NT Scriptures which talk about the relationship, and roles, of husband and wife.
The church has grown and changed enormously since Paul's day. I doubt they could have foreseen this growth- most believed that Jesus would return in their lifetime - so could not lay down instructions about how each part of it was to be governed. And yes, I know that the Lord knew and could have written it into his word, but we have all kinds of things today that are not addressed at all in Scripture; children's groups, youth pastors, technology, evangelism programmes, building maintenance projects and so on.
God does not change, but he often works in new ways. In the wilderness, he instructed Moses to build a tabernacle and ark of the covenant, so that they could carry it around and God's presence would be with them always; in Solomon's time he instructed him to build a temple. In the wilderness, and for centuries, they killed animals and their shed blood atoned for sin; in the NT, God sent Jesus. In the wilderness, God's presence was indicated by cloud, of fire, and people were told that no one could look at God and live; in the NT, God came to earth and people could look at, and touch, him. In the OT, God's people were those who had been rescued from Egypt and received his covenant, one nation, 12 tribes; in the NT, God's people are those who have received Jesus, been born again, have God's word, his name and his very Spirit who lives IN them - this group includes Gentiles, people from many, many countries. When the nation was sent into exile, in Isaiah's time, God told them that he was going to work in a NEW way; he told them to forget the former things, Isaiah 43:18-19. In Jeremiah's day, he prophesied there would be a NEW covenant, Jeremiah 31:31-34. Joel prophesied of a time when God would put his Spirit IN people, Joel 2:28. So once upon a time, the tabernacle, then the temple and probably also church buildings have been described as God's house, where he "lives", but in fact we are all temples of the Holy Spirit.
Even in the church, things change. Once upon a time, everything had to be done properly; people sat and listened to the Bible being read, in Latin, by the priests; the thought of having their own copy, in English, was just a dream, and no doubt some thought it sacrilegious to suggest translating God's word into another language - or at all. Once, people sat in pews in a church building and others led the service. I doubt the idea that they might take part in the worship, by reading prayers or the Scriptures, or giving a talk to the children, never mind by dancing, drama or music, would have entered their heads, or those of the clergy. It may not have been possible for any lay (non ordained) person to lead worship or preach, whereas nowadays, it is.
Not only that, but we have the recent innovation known as "Fresh expressions", which is a clear move to take the Gospel, and worship, OUT of church buildings - so we have groups of people, (who are the church) meeting in clubs, pubs, coffee shops, by the sea; people who come together to ride motorbikes, bake bread, do crafts, dance or whatever it is they like to do - AND learn about God and worship.
All these things are part of church life today - very few are mentioned in Scripture, and there is no instruction about how, or whether, to do them.
Scripture does give clear guidance in the area of relationships and marriage, and the role of husbands and wives. But the role of teaching, preaching the Gospel, showing pastoral concern, is not restricted to men alone. As I said, there are examples of women doing this - Deborah, Huldah, Miriam and other female prophets, the woman at the well, Mary Magdalene, Phoebe, Priscilla, Junia and all the other female co workers who worked alongside Paul and whom he commended.
