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Discussion and Debate
Discussion and Debate
Physical & Life Sciences
Creation & Evolution
Is the Human Brain a Null Hypothesis for Darwinian Evolution?
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<blockquote data-quote="mark kennedy" data-source="post: 69636591" data-attributes="member: 29337"><p>I'm paraphrasing from the Chimpanzee Genome paper and other sources. I can't exactly do comparative genomics in my garage as a hobby, it's based on the research material available online. Apparently, Gene2memE saw fit to quote, cite and link a few:</p><p></p><p></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"></p><p>We have been told for decades that we are 98% the same as Chimpanzees in our DNA, the evidence clearly indicates we are 96% the same at best. What they don't want you to know is that the indels represent a mutation rate that would be a formula for extinction, not adaptive evolution.</p><p style="margin-left: 20px"></p><p><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7055/full/nature04072.html" target="_blank"><strong>Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome</strong></a> The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium</p><p style="margin-left: 20px"></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><strong>thirty-five million single-nucleotide changes, five million insertion/deletion events, and various chromosomal rearrangements...</strong> <strong>patterns of evolution in human and chimpanzee protein-coding genes are highly correlated</strong></p></blockquote> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p><p>That's from the abstract, the direct comparison of the protein coding genes indicate 70% of the genes diverge by at least one amino acid per lineage. It comes to 40,000 mutations resulting primarily from indels. With 40 million mutation events in 5 million years that means 8 mutations per year, permanently fixed. That comes to 90 million base pairs in indels and 35 million base single base substitutions. The protein coding genes, according to another comparison show at least 20% show gross structural changes[/quote]</p><p></p><p>Taken together, gross structural changes affecting gene products are far more common than previously estimated (20.3% of the PTR22 proteins. (DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22, Nature 2004)</p><p style="margin-left: 20px"></p><p>From a press release accompanying the above study:</p><p></p><p style="margin-left: 20px">When <strong>DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account</strong>, <strong>humans and chimps still share 96 percent </strong>of their sequence. <strong>At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and human</strong>s. In fact, the<strong> typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged</strong> from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.[/quote]</p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p><p>No different then the abstract.</p><p></p><p></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"></p><p></p><p>I haven't been able to find this one, I did find an article:</p><p></p><p style="margin-left: 20px">They found that the Ulindi's genome is about 99.6 percent identical to the chimpanzee genome and 98.7 percent identical to the human genome (<a href="http://www.livescience.com/20940-unraveling-bonobo-genome-secrets.html" target="_blank">Unraveling the Bonobo's Genome, and its Secrets</a>)</p><p></p><p>The Chimpanzee Genome paper is saying 96% counting indels, the only way the Bonobo and the Troglodyte are less like one another then either one is to humans is if you ignore the indels. Those two species can still interbreed, the statement has to be qualified and taken in context. I'll get to that when I find a copy of the actual paper and I'm not limited to these cute and paste abstractions.</p><p></p><p>Have a nice day <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite1" alt=":)" title="Smile :)" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":)" /></p><p>Mark</p><p>[/QUOTE]</p>
[QUOTE="mark kennedy, post: 69636591, member: 29337"] I'm paraphrasing from the Chimpanzee Genome paper and other sources. I can't exactly do comparative genomics in my garage as a hobby, it's based on the research material available online. Apparently, Gene2memE saw fit to quote, cite and link a few: [INDENT][/INDENT] We have been told for decades that we are 98% the same as Chimpanzees in our DNA, the evidence clearly indicates we are 96% the same at best. What they don't want you to know is that the indels represent a mutation rate that would be a formula for extinction, not adaptive evolution. [INDENT][/INDENT] [URL='http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7055/full/nature04072.html'][B]Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome[/B][/URL] The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium [INDENT] [B]thirty-five million single-nucleotide changes, five million insertion/deletion events, and various chromosomal rearrangements...[/B] [B]patterns of evolution in human and chimpanzee protein-coding genes are highly correlated[/quote][/B][/INDENT] That's from the abstract, the direct comparison of the protein coding genes indicate 70% of the genes diverge by at least one amino acid per lineage. It comes to 40,000 mutations resulting primarily from indels. With 40 million mutation events in 5 million years that means 8 mutations per year, permanently fixed. That comes to 90 million base pairs in indels and 35 million base single base substitutions. The protein coding genes, according to another comparison show at least 20% show gross structural changes[/quote] Taken together, gross structural changes affecting gene products are far more common than previously estimated (20.3% of the PTR22 proteins. (DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22, Nature 2004) [INDENT][/INDENT] From a press release accompanying the above study: [INDENT]When [B]DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account[/B], [B]humans and chimps still share 96 percent [/B]of their sequence. [B]At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and human[/B]s. In fact, the[B] typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged[/B] from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.[/quote] [/INDENT] No different then the abstract. [B][/B] [INDENT][/INDENT] I haven't been able to find this one, I did find an article: [INDENT]They found that the Ulindi's genome is about 99.6 percent identical to the chimpanzee genome and 98.7 percent identical to the human genome ([URL='http://www.livescience.com/20940-unraveling-bonobo-genome-secrets.html']Unraveling the Bonobo's Genome, and its Secrets[/URL])[/INDENT] The Chimpanzee Genome paper is saying 96% counting indels, the only way the Bonobo and the Troglodyte are less like one another then either one is to humans is if you ignore the indels. Those two species can still interbreed, the statement has to be qualified and taken in context. I'll get to that when I find a copy of the actual paper and I'm not limited to these cute and paste abstractions. Have a nice day :) Mark [/QUOTE]
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