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Exploring Christianity
History - The Frame Of Reference - Jesus Christ
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<blockquote data-quote="The LOUD Cry" data-source="post: 61155758" data-attributes="member: 313159"><p><span style="color: Red"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px">History - the Frame of Reference Part 4b. Jesus, The Christ</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span> </p><p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><strong>Suetonius:</strong></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">, commonly known as </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>Suetonius (ca. 69/75 after 130)</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">, was a </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>Roman historian belonging to the equestrian order in the early Imperial era</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">His most important surviving work is a set of </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>biographies of twelve successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to Domitian, entitled De Vita Caesarum</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">. He recorded the earliest accounts of Julius Caesar's epileptic seizures. Other works by Suetonius concern the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost. </span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"> In CE 64, a great fire broke out in Rome, destroying portions of the city and economically devastating the Roman population. Suetonius cast blame on the Emperor Nero himself as the arsonist,[5] claiming he played the lyre and sang the Sack of Ilium during the fires. </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>Tacitus says that Nero attempted to shift the blame to the Chrestiani, usually taken to mean "Christians", setting off the earliest documented Imperial persecution of what was regarded by the Romans at the time as still a Jewish sect and as a superstitio ("superstition," or illegitimate form of religious belief)</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">.[6] While Suetonius makes no connection to the Christians in his account of the Great Fire, </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>he mentions Chrestus</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">[7] elsewhere as an example of Nero's harshness, saying that punishments were inflicted on them.[8] In his Life of Claudius, </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>Suetonius says that Jews instigated by Chrestus were expelled from the city for causing disturbances</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">.[9] </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>Suetonius' mentions of Chrestus and Christiani, taken with that of Tacitus, is an important piece of evidence in scholarly discussions of the historicity of Jesus</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">.[10]</span> <span style="color: #800080"><strong>[Wikipedia; Seutonius]</strong></span> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seutonius" target="_blank">Suetonius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">25 He rearranged the military career of the knights, assigning a division of cavalry after a cohort, and next the tribunate of a legion. He also instituted a series of military positions and a kind of fictitious service, which is called "supernumerary" and could be performed in absentia and in name only. He even had the Fathers pass a decree forbidding soldiers to enter the houses of senators to pay their respects. He confiscated p51the property of those freedmen who passed as Roman knights, and reduced to slavery again such as were ungrateful and a cause of complaint to their patrons, declaring to their advocates that he would not entertain a suit against their own freedmen.71 2 When certain men were exposing their sick and worn out slaves on the Island of Aesculapius72 because of the trouble of treating them, Claudius decreed that all such slaves were free, and that if they recovered, they should not return to the control of their master; but if anyone preferred to kill such a slave rather than to abandon him, he was liable to the charge of murder. He provided by an edict that travellers should not pass through the towns of Italy except on foot, or in a chair or litter. He stationed a cohort at Puteoli and one at Ostia, to guard against the danger of fires.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">3 He forbade men of foreign birth to use the Roman names so far as those of the clans73 were concerned. Those who usurped the privileges of Roman citizenship he executed in the Esquiline field.74 He restored to the senate the provinces of Achaia and Macedonia, which Tiberius had taken into his own charge. He deprived the Lycians of their independence because of deadly intestine feuds, and restored theirs to the Rhodians, since they had given up their former faults. He allowed the people of Ilium perpetual exemption from tribute, on the ground that they were the founders of the Roman race, reading an ancient letter of the senate and people of p53Rome written in Greek to king Seleucus, in which they promised him their friendship and alliance only on condition that he should keep their kinsfolk of Ilium free from every burden. </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>4 Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus,75 he expelled them from Rome.</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000"> He allowed the envoys of the Germans to sit in the orchestra, led by their naïve self-confidence; for when they had been taken to the seats occupied by the common people and saw the Parthian and Armenian envoys sitting with the senate, they moved of their own accord to the same part of the theatre, protesting that their merits and rank were no whit inferior. 5 He utterly abolished the cruel and inhuman religion of the Druids among the Gauls, which under Augustus had merely been prohibited to Roman citizens; on the other hand he even attempted to transfer the Eleusinian rites from Attica to Rome, and had the temple of Venus Erycina in Sicily, which had fallen to ruin through age, restored at the expense of the treasury of the Roman people. He struck his treaties with foreign princes in the Forum, sacrificing a pig76 and reciting the ancient formula of the fetial priests.77 But these and other acts, and in fact almost the whole conduct of his reign, were dictated not so much by his own judgment as that of his wives and freedmen, since he nearly always acted in accordance with their interests and desires.</span> <span style="color: #800080"><strong>[Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Claudius [De Vita Claudii]; Section 25.4 English]</strong></span> - <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html" target="_blank">Suetonius ⢠Life of Claudius</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">25 Equestris militias ita ordinavit, ut post cohortem alam, post alam tribunatum legionis daret; stipendiaque instituit et imaginariae militiae genus, quod vocatur "supra numerum," quo absentes et titulo tenus fungerentur. Milites domus senatorias salutandi causa ingredi etiam patrum decreto prohibuit. Libertinos, qui se pro equitibus R. p50 agerent, publicavit, ingratos et de quibus patroni quererentur revocavit in servitutem advocatisque eorum negavit se adversus libertos ipsorum ius dicturum. 2 Cum quidam aegra et adfecta mancipia in insulam Aesculapi taedio medendi exponerent, omnes qui exponerentur liberos esse sanxit, nec redire in dicionem domini, si convaluissent; quod si quis necare quem mallet quam exponere, caedis crimine teneri. Viatores ne per Italiae oppida nisi aut pedibus aut sella aut lectica transirent, monuit edicto. Puteolis et Ostiae singulas cohortes ad arcendos incendiorum casus collocavit.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">3 Peregrinae condicionis homines vetuit usurpare Romana nomina dum taxat gentilicia. Civitatem R. usurpantes in campo Esquilino37 securi percussit. Provincias Achaiam et Macedoniam, quas Tiberius ad curam suam transtulerat, senatui reddidit. Luciis ob exitiabiles inter se discordias libertatem ademit, Rhodiis ob paenitentiam veterum delictorum reddidit. Iliensibus quasi Romanae gentis auctoribus tributa in perpetuum remisit recitata vetere epistula Graeca p52senatus populique R. Seleuco regi amicitiam et societatem ita demum pollicentis, si consanguineos suos Ilienses ab omni onere immunes praestitisset. </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>4 Iudaeos impulsore Chresto assidue tumultuantisº Roma expulit.</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000"> Germanorum legatis in orchestra sedere permisit, simplicitate eorum et fiducia commotus, quod in popularia deducti, cum animadvertissent Parthos et Armenios sedentis in senatu, ad eadem loca sponte transierant, nihilo deteriorem virtutem aut condicionem suam praedicantes. 5 Druidarum38 religionem apud Gallios dirae immanitatis et tantum civibus sub Augusto interdictam penitus abolevit; contra sacra Eleusinia etiam transferre ex Attica Romam conatus est, templumque in Sicilia Veneris Erycinae vetustate conlapsum ut ex aerario pop. R. reficeretur, auctor fuit. Cum regibus foedus in Foro icit39 porca caesa ac vetere fetialium praefatione adhibita. Sed et haec et cetera totumque adeo ex parte magna principatum non tam suo quam uxorum libertorumque arbitrio administravit, talis ubique plerumque, qualem esse eum aut expediret illis aut liberet.</span> <span style="color: #800080"><strong>[Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Claudius [De Vita Claudii]; Section 25.4 Latin]</strong></span> - <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html#25" target="_blank">Suetonius ⢠Vita Divi Claudii</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800080"><strong>The Lives Of The Caesars; Life Of Claudius [De Vita Claudii]; Liber V [Book 5]; Divus Claudius; page 94, Lines 8-9; 4 Iudaeos impulsore Chresto assidue tumultuantisº Roma expulit.]</strong></span> - <a href="http://ia600406.us.archive.org/27/items/cu31924064186822/cu31924064186822.pdf" target="_blank">http://ia600406.us.archive.org/27/items/cu31924064186822/cu31924064186822.pdf</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">16 He devised a new form for the buildings of the city and in front of the houses and apartments he erected porches, from the flat roofs of which fires could be fought;44 and these he put up at his own cost. He had also planned to extend the walls as far as Ostia and to bring the sea from there to Rome by a canal.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">2 During his reign many abuses were severely punished and put down, and no fewer new laws were made: a limit was set to expenditures; the public banquets were confined to a distribution of food; the sale of any kind of cooked viands in the taverns was forbidden, with the exception of pulse and vegetables, whereas before every sort of dainty was exposed for sale.</span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>45 Punishment was inflicted on the Christians, a class of men given to a new and mischievous superstition.</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000"> He put an end to the diversions of the chariot drivers, who from immunity of long standing claimed the right of ranging at large and amusing themselves by cheating and robbing the people. The pantomimic actors and their partisans were banished from the city.46 </span><span style="color: #800080"><strong>[Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Nero [De Vita Neronis] Section 16.2 English] </strong></span>- <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Nero*.html" target="_blank">Suetonius ⢠Life of Nero</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">16 Formam aedificiorum urbis novam excogitavit et ut ante insulas ac domos porticus essent, de quarum13 solariis incendia arcerentur; easque sumptu suo exstruxit. Destinarat etiam Ostia tenus moenia promovere atque inde fossa mare veteri urbi inducere.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000"></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #008000">2 Multa sub eo et animadversa severe et coercita nec minus instituta: adhibitus sumptibus modus; publicae cenae ad sportulas redactae; interdictum ne quid in popinis cocti praeter legumina aut holera veniret, cum antea nullum non obsonii genus proponeretur; </span><span style="color: #ff0000"><u><strong>afflicti suppliciis Christiani, genus hominum superstitionis novae ac maleficae</strong></u></span><span style="color: #008000">; vetiti quadrigariorum lusus, quibus inveterata licentia passim vagantibus fallere ac furari per iocum ius erat; pantomimorum factiones cum ipsis simul relegatae.</span> <span style="color: #800080"><strong>[Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Nero [De Vita Neronis] Section 16.2 Latin]</strong></span> - <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Nero*.html#16" target="_blank">Suetonius ⢠Vita Neronis</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800080"><strong>The Lives Of The Caesars; Life Of Nero [De Vita Neronis]; Liber VI [Book 6]; Nero; page 115, Lines 6-7; afflicti suppliciis Christiani, genus hominum superstitionis novae ac maleficae;] </strong></span>- <a href="http://ia600406.us.archive.org/27/items/cu31924064186822/cu31924064186822.pdf" target="_blank">http://ia600406.us.archive.org/27/items/cu31924064186822/cu31924064186822.pdf</a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000">Thus, again, from Secular History we have:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[1.]</strong></span> <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Jews</strong></span> <strong>['Christians'; 'seen' as a 'sect' thereof [</strong><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>Acts 24:5, 28:22 *a</strong></span><strong>]]</strong> were <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>constantly</strong></span> causing <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>disturbances</strong></span> in <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Rome</strong></span>.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[2.]</strong></span> These <strong>disturbances</strong>, according to the Romans, were <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>at the instigation</strong></span>of <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Chrestus</strong></span> <strong>[Christ]</strong> <span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[Matthew 28:19-20; Mark 16:15,20; Luke 24:44-49; Acts 1:8 *b]</strong></span>.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[3.]</strong></span> These <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Jews</strong></span> were then <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>expelled </strong></span>from <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Rome</strong></span> <span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[Acts 18:2 *c]</strong></span> by Claudius Caesar's command.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[4.]</strong></span> The open use of the designation <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Christians</strong></span> <span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[Acts 11:26, 26:28 *d]</strong></span> in Rome is now noted in the reign of Nero Caesar.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[5.] </strong></span><span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Punishment was inflicted upon the Christians</strong></span> by the Romans <span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[1 Peter 4:16 *e]</strong></span>.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[6.]</strong></span> These <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>Christians</strong></span> are called a <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>class of men </strong></span>given to a <span style="color: #008000"></span><span style="color: #008000"><strong>new superstition</strong></span> <strong>[religion]</strong> <span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>[Acts 17:18-34; Romans 1:15 *f]</strong></span>.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="The LOUD Cry, post: 61155758, member: 313159"] [COLOR=Red][B][FONT=Verdana][SIZE=3]History - the Frame of Reference Part 4b. Jesus, The Christ[/SIZE][/FONT][/B][/COLOR][FONT=Verdana][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][SIZE=3][COLOR=#000000][B]Suetonius:[/B] [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000], commonly known as [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]Suetonius (ca. 69/75 after 130)[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000], was a [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]Roman historian belonging to the equestrian order in the early Imperial era[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000]. His most important surviving work is a set of [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]biographies of twelve successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to Domitian, entitled De Vita Caesarum[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000]. He recorded the earliest accounts of Julius Caesar's epileptic seizures. Other works by Suetonius concern the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost. In CE 64, a great fire broke out in Rome, destroying portions of the city and economically devastating the Roman population. Suetonius cast blame on the Emperor Nero himself as the arsonist,[5] claiming he played the lyre and sang the Sack of Ilium during the fires. [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]Tacitus says that Nero attempted to shift the blame to the Chrestiani, usually taken to mean "Christians", setting off the earliest documented Imperial persecution of what was regarded by the Romans at the time as still a Jewish sect and as a superstitio ("superstition," or illegitimate form of religious belief)[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000].[6] While Suetonius makes no connection to the Christians in his account of the Great Fire, [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]he mentions Chrestus[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][7] elsewhere as an example of Nero's harshness, saying that punishments were inflicted on them.[8] In his Life of Claudius, [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]Suetonius says that Jews instigated by Chrestus were expelled from the city for causing disturbances[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000].[9] [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]Suetonius' mentions of Chrestus and Christiani, taken with that of Tacitus, is an important piece of evidence in scholarly discussions of the historicity of Jesus[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000].[10][/COLOR] [COLOR=#800080][B][Wikipedia; Seutonius][/B][/COLOR] - [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seutonius"]Suetonius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[/URL] [COLOR=#008000]25 He rearranged the military career of the knights, assigning a division of cavalry after a cohort, and next the tribunate of a legion. He also instituted a series of military positions and a kind of fictitious service, which is called "supernumerary" and could be performed in absentia and in name only. He even had the Fathers pass a decree forbidding soldiers to enter the houses of senators to pay their respects. He confiscated p51the property of those freedmen who passed as Roman knights, and reduced to slavery again such as were ungrateful and a cause of complaint to their patrons, declaring to their advocates that he would not entertain a suit against their own freedmen.71 2 When certain men were exposing their sick and worn out slaves on the Island of Aesculapius72 because of the trouble of treating them, Claudius decreed that all such slaves were free, and that if they recovered, they should not return to the control of their master; but if anyone preferred to kill such a slave rather than to abandon him, he was liable to the charge of murder. He provided by an edict that travellers should not pass through the towns of Italy except on foot, or in a chair or litter. He stationed a cohort at Puteoli and one at Ostia, to guard against the danger of fires. 3 He forbade men of foreign birth to use the Roman names so far as those of the clans73 were concerned. Those who usurped the privileges of Roman citizenship he executed in the Esquiline field.74 He restored to the senate the provinces of Achaia and Macedonia, which Tiberius had taken into his own charge. He deprived the Lycians of their independence because of deadly intestine feuds, and restored theirs to the Rhodians, since they had given up their former faults. He allowed the people of Ilium perpetual exemption from tribute, on the ground that they were the founders of the Roman race, reading an ancient letter of the senate and people of p53Rome written in Greek to king Seleucus, in which they promised him their friendship and alliance only on condition that he should keep their kinsfolk of Ilium free from every burden. [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]4 Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus,75 he expelled them from Rome.[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000] He allowed the envoys of the Germans to sit in the orchestra, led by their naïve self-confidence; for when they had been taken to the seats occupied by the common people and saw the Parthian and Armenian envoys sitting with the senate, they moved of their own accord to the same part of the theatre, protesting that their merits and rank were no whit inferior. 5 He utterly abolished the cruel and inhuman religion of the Druids among the Gauls, which under Augustus had merely been prohibited to Roman citizens; on the other hand he even attempted to transfer the Eleusinian rites from Attica to Rome, and had the temple of Venus Erycina in Sicily, which had fallen to ruin through age, restored at the expense of the treasury of the Roman people. He struck his treaties with foreign princes in the Forum, sacrificing a pig76 and reciting the ancient formula of the fetial priests.77 But these and other acts, and in fact almost the whole conduct of his reign, were dictated not so much by his own judgment as that of his wives and freedmen, since he nearly always acted in accordance with their interests and desires.[/COLOR] [COLOR=#800080][B][Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Claudius [De Vita Claudii]; Section 25.4 English][/B][/COLOR] - [URL="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html"]Suetonius ⢠Life of Claudius[/URL] [COLOR=#008000]25 Equestris militias ita ordinavit, ut post cohortem alam, post alam tribunatum legionis daret; stipendiaque instituit et imaginariae militiae genus, quod vocatur "supra numerum," quo absentes et titulo tenus fungerentur. Milites domus senatorias salutandi causa ingredi etiam patrum decreto prohibuit. Libertinos, qui se pro equitibus R. p50 agerent, publicavit, ingratos et de quibus patroni quererentur revocavit in servitutem advocatisque eorum negavit se adversus libertos ipsorum ius dicturum. 2 Cum quidam aegra et adfecta mancipia in insulam Aesculapi taedio medendi exponerent, omnes qui exponerentur liberos esse sanxit, nec redire in dicionem domini, si convaluissent; quod si quis necare quem mallet quam exponere, caedis crimine teneri. Viatores ne per Italiae oppida nisi aut pedibus aut sella aut lectica transirent, monuit edicto. Puteolis et Ostiae singulas cohortes ad arcendos incendiorum casus collocavit. 3 Peregrinae condicionis homines vetuit usurpare Romana nomina dum taxat gentilicia. Civitatem R. usurpantes in campo Esquilino37 securi percussit. Provincias Achaiam et Macedoniam, quas Tiberius ad curam suam transtulerat, senatui reddidit. Luciis ob exitiabiles inter se discordias libertatem ademit, Rhodiis ob paenitentiam veterum delictorum reddidit. Iliensibus quasi Romanae gentis auctoribus tributa in perpetuum remisit recitata vetere epistula Graeca p52senatus populique R. Seleuco regi amicitiam et societatem ita demum pollicentis, si consanguineos suos Ilienses ab omni onere immunes praestitisset. [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]4 Iudaeos impulsore Chresto assidue tumultuantisº Roma expulit.[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000] Germanorum legatis in orchestra sedere permisit, simplicitate eorum et fiducia commotus, quod in popularia deducti, cum animadvertissent Parthos et Armenios sedentis in senatu, ad eadem loca sponte transierant, nihilo deteriorem virtutem aut condicionem suam praedicantes. 5 Druidarum38 religionem apud Gallios dirae immanitatis et tantum civibus sub Augusto interdictam penitus abolevit; contra sacra Eleusinia etiam transferre ex Attica Romam conatus est, templumque in Sicilia Veneris Erycinae vetustate conlapsum ut ex aerario pop. R. reficeretur, auctor fuit. Cum regibus foedus in Foro icit39 porca caesa ac vetere fetialium praefatione adhibita. Sed et haec et cetera totumque adeo ex parte magna principatum non tam suo quam uxorum libertorumque arbitrio administravit, talis ubique plerumque, qualem esse eum aut expediret illis aut liberet.[/COLOR] [COLOR=#800080][B][Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Claudius [De Vita Claudii]; Section 25.4 Latin][/B][/COLOR] - [URL="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html#25"]Suetonius ⢠Vita Divi Claudii[/URL] [COLOR=#800080][B]The Lives Of The Caesars; Life Of Claudius [De Vita Claudii]; Liber V [Book 5]; Divus Claudius; page 94, Lines 8-9; 4 Iudaeos impulsore Chresto assidue tumultuantisº Roma expulit.][/B][/COLOR] - [URL]http://ia600406.us.archive.org/27/items/cu31924064186822/cu31924064186822.pdf[/URL] [COLOR=#008000]16 He devised a new form for the buildings of the city and in front of the houses and apartments he erected porches, from the flat roofs of which fires could be fought;44 and these he put up at his own cost. He had also planned to extend the walls as far as Ostia and to bring the sea from there to Rome by a canal. 2 During his reign many abuses were severely punished and put down, and no fewer new laws were made: a limit was set to expenditures; the public banquets were confined to a distribution of food; the sale of any kind of cooked viands in the taverns was forbidden, with the exception of pulse and vegetables, whereas before every sort of dainty was exposed for sale.[/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]45 Punishment was inflicted on the Christians, a class of men given to a new and mischievous superstition.[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000] He put an end to the diversions of the chariot drivers, who from immunity of long standing claimed the right of ranging at large and amusing themselves by cheating and robbing the people. The pantomimic actors and their partisans were banished from the city.46 [/COLOR][COLOR=#800080][B][Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Nero [De Vita Neronis] Section 16.2 English] [/B][/COLOR]- [URL="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Nero*.html"]Suetonius ⢠Life of Nero[/URL] [COLOR=#008000]16 Formam aedificiorum urbis novam excogitavit et ut ante insulas ac domos porticus essent, de quarum13 solariis incendia arcerentur; easque sumptu suo exstruxit. Destinarat etiam Ostia tenus moenia promovere atque inde fossa mare veteri urbi inducere. 2 Multa sub eo et animadversa severe et coercita nec minus instituta: adhibitus sumptibus modus; publicae cenae ad sportulas redactae; interdictum ne quid in popinis cocti praeter legumina aut holera veniret, cum antea nullum non obsonii genus proponeretur; [/COLOR][COLOR=#ff0000][U][B]afflicti suppliciis Christiani, genus hominum superstitionis novae ac maleficae[/B][/U][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000]; vetiti quadrigariorum lusus, quibus inveterata licentia passim vagantibus fallere ac furari per iocum ius erat; pantomimorum factiones cum ipsis simul relegatae.[/COLOR] [COLOR=#800080][B][Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus; The Lives Of The Caesars; Life of Nero [De Vita Neronis] Section 16.2 Latin][/B][/COLOR] - [URL="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Nero*.html#16"]Suetonius ⢠Vita Neronis[/URL] [COLOR=#800080][B]The Lives Of The Caesars; Life Of Nero [De Vita Neronis]; Liber VI [Book 6]; Nero; page 115, Lines 6-7; afflicti suppliciis Christiani, genus hominum superstitionis novae ac maleficae;] [/B][/COLOR]- [URL]http://ia600406.us.archive.org/27/items/cu31924064186822/cu31924064186822.pdf[/URL] Thus, again, from Secular History we have: [COLOR=#ff0000][B][1.][/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Jews[/B][/COLOR] [B]['Christians'; 'seen' as a 'sect' thereof [[/B][COLOR=#ff0000][B]Acts 24:5, 28:22 *a[/B][/COLOR][B]]][/B] were [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]constantly[/B][/COLOR] causing [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]disturbances[/B][/COLOR] in [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Rome[/B][/COLOR]. [COLOR=#ff0000][B][2.][/B][/COLOR] These [B]disturbances[/B], according to the Romans, were [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]at the instigation[/B][/COLOR]of [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Chrestus[/B][/COLOR] [B][Christ][/B] [COLOR=#ff0000][B][Matthew 28:19-20; Mark 16:15,20; Luke 24:44-49; Acts 1:8 *b][/B][/COLOR]. [COLOR=#ff0000][B][3.][/B][/COLOR] These [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Jews[/B][/COLOR] were then [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]expelled [/B][/COLOR]from [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Rome[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=#ff0000][B][Acts 18:2 *c][/B][/COLOR] by Claudius Caesar's command. [COLOR=#ff0000][B][4.][/B][/COLOR] The open use of the designation [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Christians[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=#ff0000][B][Acts 11:26, 26:28 *d][/B][/COLOR] in Rome is now noted in the reign of Nero Caesar. [COLOR=#ff0000][B][5.] [/B][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Punishment was inflicted upon the Christians[/B][/COLOR] by the Romans [COLOR=#ff0000][B][1 Peter 4:16 *e][/B][/COLOR]. [COLOR=#ff0000][B][6.][/B][/COLOR] These [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]Christians[/B][/COLOR] are called a [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]class of men [/B][/COLOR]given to a [COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][COLOR=#008000][B]new superstition[/B][/COLOR] [B][religion][/B] [COLOR=#ff0000][B][Acts 17:18-34; Romans 1:15 *f][/B][/COLOR].[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT] [/QUOTE]
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