Wow, looks like I'm a little late to the party...
TheLowlyTortoise, since you've expressed an honest desire to learn about what's being discussed here (and I'm grateful to see that!
), I'd like to mention one important detail that I saw mentioned briefly a few pages back, but I think was drowned out by the other arguments going on. This is valuable to any honest attempt to understand evolution, or any scientific theory:
Science does not deal in "proof." Proof is for mathematics and alcohol. Science deals in
evidence. Scientists study phenomena and gather data, and from that data they formulate possible explanations. These possible explanations are tested in laboratory conditions (if the type of science in question lends itself to such tests), or more data is collected and compared to the explanation to see if it still fits. These possible explanations are shared with the scientific community and examined and tested by many other scientists. Sometimes the explanations are modified, to better explain certain pieces of data. If a given explanation withstands repeated barrages of testing, examination, and peer review, then it becomes a scientific theory, which means "the best explanation of a given phenomenon that is currently available." It is provisionally accepted as accurate, with the acknowledgment that new data may be discovered that might contradict the theory in part or in whole.
This is as good as it gets for any idea in science, be it germ theory, the theory of gravity, or the theory of evolution.
As such, when discussing scientific ideas, it is not useful to ask for "proof," because science doesn't work that way. It is entirely reasonable, however, to ask for
evidence, bearing in mind that evidence and proof are not the same thing.
I hope that helps in some measure.