LUKE 16
R.C. Sproul:
Surprised by Suffering
pg 146 – « Book : Surprised by Suffering »
“
it (Luke 16:20-31) is a parable that cannot be forced too far… “
Page 147
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though it is a parable, Jesus paints a picture of the bosom of Abraham”
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From :
Rich man and Lazarus - Wikipedia
One identification is that the man in torment
in the parable is Caiaphas the High Priest which as Josephus tells us had five brothers. Caiaphas met the criteria Jesus gives in the parable to the identity of the Rich Man. He was rich, and as the high priest was dressed in purple and fine linen, he had five brothers, and was well versed in Moses and the Prophets, but according to Jesus, were ignoring what they wrote.
[14]
Luther: a parable of the conscience
Martin Luther taught that the story was a parable about rich and poor in this life and the details of the afterlife not to be taken literally:
Therefore we conclude that the bosom of Abraham signifies nothing else than the Word of God,.... the hell here mentioned cannot be the true hell that will begin on the day of judgment. For the corpse of the rich man is without doubt not in hell, but buried in the earth; it must however be a place where the soul can be and has no peace, and it cannot be corporeal. Therefore it seems to me, this hell is the conscience, which is without faith and without the Word of God, in which the soul is buried and held until the day of judgment, when they are cast down body and soul into the true and real hell. (Church Postil 1522–23)
[15]
Lightfoot: a parable against the Pharisees
Illustration of Lazarus at the rich man's gate by
Fyodor Bronnikov, 1886.
John Lightfoot (1602–1675) treated the parable as a parody of
Pharisee belief concerning the
Bosom of Abraham, and from the connection of Abraham saying the rich man's family would not believe even if the parable Lazarus was raised, to the priests' failure to believe in the resurrection of Christ:
Any one may see, how Christ points at the infidelity of the Jews, even after that himself shall have risen again. From whence it is easy to judge what was the design and intention of this parable. (From the Talmud and Hebraica, Volume 3)
[16]
E. W. Bullinger in the Companion Bible cited Lightfoot's comment,
[17] and expanded it to include coincidence to lack of belief in the resurrection of the historical Lazarus (John 12:10). Bullinger considered that Luke did not identify the passage as a "parable" because it contains a parody of the view of the afterlife:
It is not called a parable because it cites a notable example of the Pharisee's tradition which had been brought from Babylon.
[18]
Drioux: a parable against the Sadducees
An alternative explanation of the parable is a
satirical parable against the
Sadducees. One writer to identify the
Sadducees as the target was
Johann Nepomuk Sepp.
[19] The arguments in favour of identification of the Rich Man as the Sadducees are (1) the wearing of purple and fine linen, priestly dress,
[20] (2) the reference to "five brothers in my father's house" as an allusion to
Caiaphas' father-in-law
Annas, and his five sons who also served as high priests according to
Josephus,
[21] (3) Abraham's statement in the parable that they would not believe even if he raised Lazarus, and then the fulfillment that when Jesus did raise Lazarus of Bethany the Sadducees not only did not believe, but attempted to have Lazarus killed again: "So the chief priests made plans to put Lazarus to death as well" (John 12:10). This last interpretation had wide circulation in France during the 1860s–1890s as a result of having been included in the notes of the pictorial Bible of
Abbé Drioux.
[22]
Perry: a parable of a new covenant
Simon Perry has argued that the Lazarus of the parable (an abbreviated transcript of "Eleazer") refers to
Eliezer of Damascus, Abraham's servant. In Genesis 15—a foundational covenant text familiar to any 1st century Jew—God says to Abraham "this man will not be your heir" (Gen 15:4). Perry argues that this is why Lazarus is outside the gates of Abraham's perceived descendant. By inviting Lazarus to Abraham's bosom, Jesus is redefining the nature of the covenant. It also explains why the rich man assumes Lazarus is Abraham's servant.
[23]
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Dr Douglas Finkbeiner
Calvary Baptist Theological Seminary
1. Support for identifying this pericope as a parable– the literary argument–
note the usage of “
a certain man” in 16:1 and two of the other example
stories (
10:30; 12:16). I find this argument to be overwhelmingly
persuasive.
*Adherents–
Both leading commentaries on Luke (Bock, Green, Nolland,
Marshall, Stein) and texts on parables (Hultgren, Blomberg, Sider,
Wenham, Young, Bailey, Pentecost, Kistemaker) describe it as a parable.