It is interesting that there was an eclipse of the Sun on 24 November 29 AD; this was 'in the fifteenth year of the Emperor Tiberius', as Luke 3:1 puts it. The eclipse was total in Romania, Bulgaria, central Turkey, western Iraq and the Gulf. It was a large partial eclipse over Israel, Greece and the Nile Delta, where it should have produced perceptible darkening.
Eusebius says that Phlegon (a 2nd-century writer) mentions the total eclipse, and says that in the same year there was an earthquake in Bithynia (northern Turkey) that caused great destruction in the city of Nicaea. Phlegon gives the date of the eclipse as 32 AD, which is certainly wrong since there was no total eclipse of the Sun in that year, but he may have been describing the eclipse of 29 AD.
There is no proof that this eclipse was responsible for the darkening at the crucifixion; nobody knows when Jesus was crucified, and the eclipse occurred in the wrong month, since Passover is in March or April. Perhaps the evangelists read about the eclipse, in some now-lost book, and thought that since it occurred at about the right time they could introduce it into the story of the crucifixion as an appropriate sign from heaven.
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