Καταλαβαίνετε Ελληνικά, κύριε; Actually, the word occurs 18 times in the New Testament. "Shepherd" is just another translation of "pastor," just as "overseer" is only another translation of "bishop." And the one verse you've overlooked is:
No, whenever Shepherd is used in the New Testament after Christ resurrection, it is used exclusively of the ONE Shepherd Jesus Christ. "The" Shepherd as I understand.
The word "
pastors" in the plural form as a noun is used only once in
Ephesians 4:11. Strangely this one gift has dominated Christendom for centuries. But there are five gifts mentioned. And just defining the word meanings does not define how it is used or the lack of use in the New Testament. Some act as if the things of God can simply be understood by the word meanings. No the order and body ministry is all known and seen and functioned in Christ and as he is the head of the church. There is no other head of the church, though some would try to say there is.
Elders as has already been established may be apostles as well as the other gifts 1Peter 5:1. An overseer is what the elders do they watch over and superintend. These men must simply be apt to teach. So they may also be the teacher gift as well. We also mentioned this verse in Corinthians
"Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in particular. 28 And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers,..."(1 Co.r 12:27,28 KJV)
Notice no pastors are even mentioned there.
It cam be safely understood that we never see one man over a church called "
the Pastor" in the New Testament from among the believers. This was a man made tradition that came much later and history has much to say about it.
This one man pastor tradition does not change easily.
For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.
...ἦτε γὰρ ὡς πρόβατα πλανώμενα ἀλλ᾽ ἐπεστράφητε νῦν ἐπὶ τὸν ποιμένα καὶ ἐπίσκοπον τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν... (1Pet. 2:25)
Note the equation of the terms--both are referring to watching over the sheep. These are not two roles combined in one office; they are the same role.
You say two roles in one "
office". The word "office" simply means function or practice. And they are two distinct aspects we can agree. But Though Jeus is THE one Shepherd over the flock and he is also the overseer or Bishop of our souls. These define him in different functions.
Jesus is also the apostle of us and High Priest
"Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus;"(Hebrews 3:1 KJV)
These two define him in different functions.
So already we se Jesus is the Shepherd, Bishop, Apostle, High {rest, and here are some more
"But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren."( Matthew 23:8 KJV)
He is also Master, and teacher and
"And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all."(Luke 4:15 KJV)
" The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken; 18 I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. (Deut. 18:15,18)
and
"The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to thecaptives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,"(Luke 4:18 KJV)
So already we see Jesus functions as
Shepherd
Bishop
Apostle
Prophet
Master
Teacher
Preacher
Healer
etc
Jesus fulfills all the functions and in Him the body of Christ functions. He gives all gifts from His power and life
"But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ: 16 From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love."(Ephesians 4:15,16 KJV)
You can say this is talking about Jesus, not merely human elder-bishops, but see the logic of what is being argued. Peter's point about Jesus depends on the idea that shepherding and oversight go together, not the other way around. If that's so, why should we believe that human elder-bishops are so separated from the concept of shepherding?
I already showed that
elders is
who they are, mature brothers older men in the faith, and
overseers, is
what they do, they watch over and superintend. And
the gifts of apostle, prophet, evangelist, pastors and teachers, is their functioning in one or more of the gifts that may be among the elder overseers. Not all are pastors. That is the point and proven by scripture as I have shown. And that we never see a man in a "title" of pastor over a church doing most of the ministry and getting a regular salary as we do today. The gifts and not so much "titles" as gifts and functions.
Not only that, but the verse occurs in the context of a lengthy discussion on obeying earthly authorities.
And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues.
...καὶ οὓς μὲν ἔθετο ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ πρῶτον ἀποστόλους δεύτερον προφήτας τρίτον διδασκάλους ἔπειτα δυνάμεις εἶτα χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων ἀντιλήψεις, κυβερνήσεις γένη γλωσσῶν... (1Cor. 12:28)
The word in question is where we get the word cybernetics, the science of communication and control. It itself is derived from the verb κῠβερνᾰ́ω, which refers to piloting a boat. The pilot of a boat was literally the dude who was in charge of the ship. Ergo, 1Cor. 12:28 teaches that being in charge "in the church" was a divine appointment. You can argue, if you like, that all believers have the gift of "governments," but I ask you, what happens when multiple people are trying to steer the same vehicle at the same time? Shipwreck. Hence why Protestantism, and especially Pentecostalism, is a fragmented mess.
The word "
governments" there simply means to steer or direct. I believe that God gives elders to watch over the flock and as they are
led by the Spirit in the word they have the rule. This rule is to hold fast the faithful word of God and to live in the new creation and be led by Christ in the word. To have the rule, means they speak the word of God and are an example in Christ to others.
Elder brothers are more able to rightly divide the word of truth and exhort the gainsayers by sound doctrine and to convince the gainsayers by doctrine and the word in the Spirit than babes. Babes are unskillful in the word of righteousness. But they do not have to stay that way. There should come a time when they all should be ale to teach the word and know it well and be sound in doctrine etc.
And elder brother is like a this. There are two boys in a family, one is older and the other much younger. The younger one wants to climb ob the fence and walk between the yards, but the elder brother says to him. "
he don't do that" and the younger brother may say "
your not the boss of me". But then the elder brother says,"
Father said we must not do it" and
"I did that myself and fell into the next yard and was attacked by the dog". Now the younger brother might say ok because he hears the fathers voice as well and loves the father and the elder brother taught him by example and wisdom.
The elders have no positional authority over the younger, but more a moral spiritual authority in the fathers word, for they are all brethren. But the elder brother has the word of the father clearer understood than the younger so he will seek to watch over the younger and help him and he has already learned certain things that the younger may not have. A wise younger brother will see his elder brother as loving him and caring for him and listen to the word of the father he conveys.
Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine.
Οἱ καλῶς προεστῶτες πρεσβύτεροι διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιούσθωσαν μάλιστα οἱ κοπιῶντες ἐν λόγῳ καὶ διδασκαλίᾳ... (1Tim. 5:17)
The term προεστῶτες refers literally to one who is placed before or above others. It is the same word that Paul uses earlier to refer to the head of a household (1Tim. 3:5) who "rules" over his children (3:12). This implies that at least some elders have the gift of government or cybernetics whereas other others do not, and explicitly tells us that some govern better than others and should be given extra respect. To brush off this bishop-elder role as only being "oversight" is to suggest that Chapter 3 imagines the parent as being someone who merely leads their child by example and doesn't have control in the sense of headship and discipline, which in turn would imply (because of the analogy in Ephesians 5) that Christ himself is not the head of the Church in the sense of commanding it.
You twist authority here and add "rule" in a wrong sense. This word is to stand before, not lord over in this context. OVER seers watch over not lord over. Also notice that the elders are "Plural" always more than one. They "rule" by having the rule" which is the word of God in the Spirit in Christ as they live in the new creation.
Paul said
"5 (For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?)" (1 Timothy 3:3 KJV)
Notice how a man can "
rule" his own house but "
take care of the church, not the same here. We are not to rule in this sense. Elder overseers
"have the rule" for they speak the word of God (Heb 13:7 KJV). They
hold fast the faithful word as they have been taught (Titus 1) and are able to exhort and convince the gainsayers with sound doctrine. So they are very valued, esteemed, honoured and helpful to the body
Paul said more about this word rule here
"For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision, but a new creature.16 And as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them, and mercy, and upon the Israel of God."(Galatians 6;15,16 KJV)
also we read of God ruling in our hearts
"And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye are called in one body; and be ye thankful. 16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another..."(Colossians 3:15,16 KJV)
Notice here the rule we walk in is to live in the new creation in Christ. The word "rule in Colossians 3:15 is to "
govern". God is the one who governs in our hearts and all believers hearts. When we are in the peace of God and walking in the spirit then we are able to Let the Word of Christ dwell in us richly and to teach and admonish etc. Elders are more mature in this and they have the word more richly. This is for the good of others not as a controller or ruler over them as the Gentiles rulers are.
Paul also said
"Paul said to the church,
“Not that we have dominion over your faithbut are helpers ..” (2 Cor. 1:24). The word “
dominion”, here means “
to rule: have dominion over, lord, be lord of...
(from 2962),...
supreme in authority, ie
(as a noun) controller. By implication,
Master (as in official title..)...”
(Strongs Concordance. # 2961). Paul said specifically we are NOT to be like that. Yet this dominion, rule, control, supreme authority as Masters of Divinity over others is exactly what the modern role of Pastor has fit into, sadly
Jesus also warned of such a false dominion and authority over others
(Matthew 20:25-27), and said
“it shall not be so among you”.
And the verse you use where the word "rule"is used is in the same context as Hebrews 13:7,
"to have the rule, for they have spoken unto you the word of God". The
word of God is the rule in Christ. Jesus said as many as walk according to his commandments, or word are His disciples John 15. And in Hebrews 13:20,21, we see that it is God who works in every believer to make them perfect unto every good work. So all we do is led by God even when he works through elder overseers to direct things or steer us in a certain direction through revelation of his word. True believers will hear this witness in their spirit and be able to say "amen" to the word taught. They should also yield to this word and give heed ad take note of those who speak this word and to know them who do so and esteem them highly. But not so high as to make them lords over others .
Jesus clarified the issue when he said
"But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Ye know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them.26 But it shall not be so among you: but whosoever will be great among you, let him be your minister;27 And whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant:" (Matthew 20:25-27 KJV)
How much clearer can it be. Yet this dominion, (rule, like lords) and authority over others is exactly what we see in many churches today.