The Council of Trent and its support of paganism.

reddogs

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The Council of Trent was held in an attempt to destroy the progress of the Protestant Reformation; it approved many pagan and unbiblical beliefs and declared it was to be accepted under the threat of "anathema".

The Council of Trent declared in its proclamation's the following:

It denied all the doctrines of the Reformation, from Sola Scriptura to "salvation by grace through faith alone" and pronounced anathemas (basically eternal damnation) upon anyone believing what the scripture shows and the Reformation held and preached.

It gave equal value and authority of tradition and Scripture (in actuality, tradition is held above Scripture) and so allowed for all the pagan rites and rituals it had allowed into the church.

Declared the Scriptures was for the priesthood only, and prohibited to anyone in the laity without written permission from one's superior -- to violate this was considered a mortal sin.

Confirmed the seven sacraments which basically were of pagan origin in the form they brought in. They held seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, Eucharist (mass), penance/reconciliation (indulgences), extreme unction (last rights), marriage, and orders (ordination). Although not even formally decreed until the Council of Florence in 1439, the Council of Trent later declared all to be anathema whom do not hold Rome's position that it was Christ Himself who instituted these seven sacraments, but the form they used were from paganism more than anything from scripture.

Confirmed Purgatory which has no biblical basis but of pagan origin.Though of pagan origin, the Roman Church proclaimed it as an article of faith in 1439 at the Council of Florence, and it was confirmed by Trent in 1548. The Catholic Church teaches that even those "who die in the state of grace" (i.e., saved and sins forgiven) must still spend an indefinite time being purged/purified (i.e., expiated of sins/cleansed for heaven).

Confirmed the use Indulgences of which clearly is not sanctioned by the scriptures.

Confirmed the Mass as a propitiatory offering.The Mass was unknown in the early church, the mass did not become an official doctrine until pronounced by the Lateran Council of 1215 under the direction of Pope Innocent III, and reaffirmed by the Council of Trent.

Confirmed the perpetual virginity of Mary. The Lateran Council of 469 under Pope Martin I declared: "if anyone does not confess in harmony with the holy Fathers that the holy and ever virgin and immaculate Mary is really and truly the mother of God, inasmuch as she in the last times and without sperm by the Holy Spirit conceived God the Word himself specially and truthfully, who was born from God the Father before all ages, and she bore him uncorrupted, and after his birth her virginity remaining indissoluble, let him be condemned." The perpetual virginity of Mary thus became an official teaching of the church: Mary was a virgin before, during, and after the birth of Jesus. In 1555, the Council of Trent confirmed this dogma in the Constitution of Pope Paul IV known as "Cum Quorundam." Here the pope warns against teaching that "the same blessed Virgin Mary is not truly the Mother of God, and did not remain always in the integrity of virginity, i. e., before birth, in birth, and perpetually after birth."

Some of the of the Anathemas of Trent:

"If any one shall deny that the body and blood together with the soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, and therefore entire Christ, are truly, really, and substantially contained in the sacrament of the most holy Eucharist; and shall say that He is only in it as a sign, or in a figure, or virtually -- let him be accursed." (Canon 1).

"If any one shall say that the substance of the bread and wine remains in the sacrament of the most holy Eucharist, together with the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and shall deny that wonderful and singular conversion of the whole substance of the bread into the body, and of the whole substance of the wine into the blood, the outward forms of the bread and wine still remaining, which conversion the Catholic church most aptly calls transubstantiation, let him be accursed."(Canon 2).

"If any one shall deny, that in the venerated sacrament of the Eucharist, entire Christ is contained in each kind, and in each several particle of either kind when separated, let him be accursed."(Canon 3).

"If any one shall say that, after consecration, the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ is only in the wonderful sacrament of the Eucharist in use whilst it is taken, and not either before or after, and that the true body of the Lord does not remain in the hosts or particles which have been consecrated, and which are reserved, or remain after the communion, let him be accursed."(Canon 4).

"If any one says that the principal fruit of the most holy Eucharist is the remission of sins or that other effects do not result from it, let him be accursed." (Canon 5).

"If any man shall say that Christ, the only begotten Son of God, is not to be adored in the holy sacrament of the Eucharist, even with the open worship of latria, and therefore not to be venerated with any peculiar festal celebrity, nor to be solemnly carried about in processions according to the praiseworthy, and universal rites and customs of the holy Church, and that he is not to be publicly set before the people to be adored, and that his adorers are idolaters -- let him be accursed." (Canon 6).

"If anyone shall say that the ungodly man is justified by faith only so as to understand that nothing else is required that may cooperate to obtain the grace of justification, and that it is in no wise necessary for him to be prepared and disposed by the motion of his own will ... let him be accursed." (Canon 9).

"If anyone shall say that justifying faith is nothing else than confidence in the divine mercy pardoning sins for Christ's sake, or that it is that confidence alone by which we are justified ... let him be accursed." (Canon 12).

Here we see the Council of Trent sets forth the pagan 'Mystery' of the Eucharist. Now in the sacrament of the Eucharist, was the doctrine of Transubstantiation (in Latin, transsubstantiatio, in Greek metousiosis) which is the change whereby, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, the bread and the wine used in the sacrament of the Eucharist become, not merely as by a sign or a figure, but also in actual reality the body and blood of Christ. However the doctrine of transubstantiation does not date back to the Last Supper as is supposed.

Like many of the beliefs and rites of the Roman Catholic Church, transubstantiation origin is from paganism, and was first practiced by pagan religions. The idea of transubstantiation was characteristic of the religion of Mithra whose sacraments of cakes and Haoma drink closely parallel the Catholic Eucharistic rite. The noted historian Durant said that belief in transubstantiation as practiced by the priests of the Roman Catholic system is "one of the oldest ceremonies of primitive religion." The Story Of Civilization, p. 741. In Egypt priests would consecrate mest cakes which were supposed to be come the flesh of Osiris. Encyclopedia Of Religions, Vol. 2, p. 76.

It was never held in the early church and took many centuries before officially becoming an article of faith by the church of Rome, which means that it is essential to salvation according to the Roman Catholic Church. The idea of a corporal presence was not part of beliefs, but in 831 A.D. Paschasius Radbertus, a Benedictine monk, published a treatise openly advocating the doctrine of transubstantiation. Even then, for almost another four hundred years, theological debate waged over this teaching by bishops and people alike until at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 A.D., it was officially defined and canonized as a dogma.

The Christian Church for the first three hundred years remained somewhat pure and faithful to the Word of God, but after the so called conversion of Constantine, who for political expedience declared Christianity the state religion, thousands of pagans were admitted to the church without true conversion. They brought with them pagan rites which they boldly introduced into the church with Christian terminology, thus corrupting the church. Even the noted Catholic prelate and theologian, Cardinal Newman, tells us that Constantine introduced many things of pagan origin: "We are told in various ways by Eusebius, that Constantine, in order to recommend the new religion to the heathen, transferred into it the outward ornaments to which they had been accustomed in their own...The use of temples, and these dedicated to particular saints, and ornamented on occasions with branches of trees; incense, lamps, and candles; votive offerings on recovery from illness; holy water; asylums; holydays and seasons, use of calendars, processions, blessings on fields, sacerdotal vestments, the tonsure, the ring in marriage, turning to the East, images at a later date, perhaps the ecclesiastical chant, and the Kyrie Eleison, are all of pagan origin, and sanctified by their adoption into the Church." An Essay On The Development Of Christian Doctrine, pp. 359, 360.

This unholy alliance also allowed the continuance of the pagan custom of eating and drinking the literal flesh and literal blood of their god. This is actually how pagan transubstantiation, through the sacrament of the Eucharist, entered the church and declared part of the beliefs.

True believers who correctly interpret the Word of God see without any difficulty whatsoever that our Lord's reference to His body and blood was symbolic. When Jesus spoke of Himself as being the bread, He was not teaching the pagan transubstantiation brought in by Roman Catholic Church. It is wrong to hold that the Son of God turned a piece of bread into Himself. It is perfectly clear in the Gospels that Christ spoke in figurative terms, referring to Himself as "the door," "the vine'', "the light," "the root," "the rock," "the bright and morning star" and so it was with the bread and wine.

However the doctrine of transubstantiation is clearly of paganism mystery's, which pretended, on the pronunciation of a few potent words, to change one substance into another, or by pagan rites, wholly to remove one substance, and to substitute another in its place. From the Council of Trent the pagan god of flour and water, produced by priestly sorcery, is still worshipped and adored to this day as it was defined. We can find it in the bowing, genuflecting, praying to the "Blessed Sacrament" which may be seen daily in any Catholic church.

Roman Catholicism: Christian or Pagan?
 
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reddogs

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Looking a what the Roman Catholic Church says is Mary we find this too is from paganism. In almost all the devotional books of the Roman Catholic Church, the mother of God is crowned, sceptred and enthroned as the Queen of heaven. ["She has been appointed by God to be the Queen of heaven and earth", Pius IX, 1854, but not made "official" till 1954 by Pius XII.]The Roman Catholic Church basically holds that damnation is impossible where there is true devotion to the Virgin. Hence the worship of Mary allows for and encourages multiplies sins which of course they then turn around and declare indulgences can negate. Pio Nono (Pius IX), after decreeing the Immaculate Conception, made the cornerstone of the Roman Catholic faith to believe and to teach that salvation is received solely and alone through Mary.

The origin of this idolatry had its root in ancient paganism. From Babylon, this worship of the mother and child spread to the other parts of the world. Astarte of the Assyrians, Ashtoreth of the Sidonians and Bowaney the mother of the gods of the Hindus held the place that Mary occupies in the church of Rome. Greece had her Venus and Rome her Juno and we find in scripture, the Diana of the Ephesians. The Egyptians had Isis, the same symbol, a female divinity whom they regarded as "the mother of the gods."

The Roman Catholic church divides the first two commandments and combines them into one in Ex.20. In doing this they end up dividing another commandment into two so they can still have ten. The commandment of idols and images is intentionally ignored and even protested. “The Christian veneration of images is not contrary to the first commandment which proscribes idols. Indeed, “the honor rendered to an image passes to its prototype.” And whoever venerates an image venerates the person behind it”. (Catechism of the Catholic church)

If one has an image of Mary then it is Mary who is venerated, just as much as an image of Jesus. Nowhere do we see this practice in the New Testament, but we do have many warnings about it. Nowhere does God approve of any type of worship toward objects that are even of Himself, neither the tabernacle which housed His presence, nor the ark which had the tablets, were to be worshipped. Yet these were some of the most sacred objects used toward God. Remember when Moses lifted up the Brazen altar in the wilderness for people to be healed by the bite of the serpents. Later when the Israelites entered the land of Canaan, they brought the bronze serpent with them and turned it into an idol. It was used until King Hezekiah finally destroyed it (2 Kings 18:4). We see that something that was used even by God can be turned into a superstitious idol.

Paul states in 1 Cor. 12:2, “You know that you were Gentiles, carried away to these dumb idols, however you were led.” He does not give any precedence to the biblical way to use idols for the simple reason there is none.

In Ex.20:4-5 God forbids anyone who follows Him to make images for use in their worship. Within this context they are also not to bow down to them or do any reverence to them. The Hebrew word for worship is to kiss toward or bow down.

Idolatry is described by God as an abomination ( Ezek.16:36), no matter who makes them or is worshipping them . “ Cursed is any man who makes any graven image or molten image it is an abomination to the Lord” (Lev. 26:1, Deut.27:15). While Catholics accept this practice of bowing in front of statues of Mary or saints God does not accept it, He forbids it!

Deut. 4:16... “that you do not become corrupt and make for yourselves an idol, an image of any shape, whether formed like a man or a woman” (NIV).

Deut. 12:3-4: “And you shall destroy their altars, break their sacred pillars, and burn their wooden images with fire; you shall cut down the carved images of their gods and destroy their names from that place.”You shall not worship the LORD your God with such things.”

The biblical prohibition against having images for religious purposes and bowing down before them (and God’s abhorrence of this pagan practice) is clearly set forth in the second of the Ten Commandments and in numerous other passages of Scripture. For example: “Ye shall make you no idols nor graven image.. to bow down unto it.... Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or molten image, an abomination unto the Lord” (Leviticus 26:1; Deuteronomy 27:15).

In Hebrew the word for Idols is Elim , avodot zerah means foreign worship. The Hebrew word for idolatry means to bow down or genuflect is to worship Tishtacheweh. To bow down or genuflect as an act of worship. (7812 shachah (shaw-khaw’);a primitive root; to depress, i.e. prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or God): bow (self) down, crouch, fall down (flat), humbly beseech, do (make) obeisance, do reverence, make to stoop, worship.)

Judaism has always identified genuflecting or burning incense or candles to worship. In the book of Esther we find that this is the reason why Mordacai did not bow to Haman or do what was asked of him. Judges 2:17 says: “And yet they would not hearken unto their judges, but they went a whoring after other gods, and bowed themselves down unto them.” “ The term “bowed themselves down unto them” is a sexual term used of a wife giving herself to her husband. And here God uses it with all this force when he says: Do you not see that you have acted like an adulterous woman bowing down in the sexual position before another man? (Francis Schaeffer p.122 the church at the end of the 20th century)

Revelation 19:10: “And I fell at his feet to worship him. And he said unto me, See thou do it not: I am thy fellow servant, and of thy brethren that have the testimony of Jesus: worship God.” The Angel tells John that falling to his feet is an act of worship, and is not allowed.
 
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ricker

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Yes, in the mid 1500's the Roman Catholic church was opposed to the new movement of Protestantism, made plain by the Council of Trent. Definitely a historical fact.

Is there anything else here besides another treatise against the RC's beliefs?
 
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reddogs

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Yes, in the mid 1500's the Roman Catholic church was opposed to the new movement of Protestantism, made plain by the Council of Trent. Definitely a historical fact.

Is there anything else here besides another treatise against the RC's beliefs?

So declaring the pagan rites, rituals, idols, as part of doctrine and integrating it into the system of worship, that's all ok with you. Is that the long and short of it..
 
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ricker

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So declaring the pagan rites, rituals, idols, as part of doctrine and integrating it into the system of worship, that's all ok with you. Is that the long and short of it..
I guess you're saying that the Council of Trent upheld the RC beliefs. I do believe you are right.

I just wanted it to be clear that this council was by the Catholics and for the Catholics, showing they didn't agree with the Protestant movement. I'm not sure why you mentioned this council, except as an excuse to go through your objections to RCism again.

I'm no Catholic, just wanted it to be clear what the Council of Trent was about. It was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation by the Catholic church, reiterating their doctrine. They didn't introduce any new "pagan rites, rituals, idols" in the Council of Trent.
 
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tnp2140

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I guess you're saying that the Council of Trent upheld the RC beliefs. I do believe you are right.

I just wanted it to be clear that this council was by the Catholics and for the Catholics, showing they didn't agree with the Protestant movement. I'm not sure why you mentioned this council, except as an excuse to go through your objections to RCism again.

I'm no Catholic, just wanted it to be clear what the Council of Trent was about. It was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation by the Catholic church, reiterating their doctrine. They didn't introduce any new "pagan rites, rituals, idols" in the Council of Trent.

I would encourage you to study what the term "the love of the truth" means in the Thessalonians. You have yet to acquire this and should you fail to do so in the coming few years, it will end in your eternal ruin.

Truth is, the Reformation failed and was utterly squashed and made of none effect at the Council of Trent. How?
 
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ricker

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I would encourage you to study what the term "the love of the truth" means in the Thessalonians. You have yet to acquire this and should you fail to do so in the coming few years, it will end in your eternal ruin.

Truth is, the Reformation failed and was utterly squashed and made of none effect at the Council of Trent. How?

What are you trying to say?

There was nobody from the Reformation movement at the council of Trent. It was Catholics meeting with Catholics.

Martin Luther wasn't there. Zwingli and Calvin weren't there. The Council of Trent was Catholics staying firm in their own dogma. It is not in any way the Protestant movement agreeing to those beliefs!

If you are saying the Reformation had little effect on RC church doctrine, you may have a point. To say it "squashed" the Reformation movement is quite a statement and I would love to hear your reasoning. Seems to me even now in 2014 there are quite a few Protestant churches. I even belong to one!
 
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reddogs

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I guess you're saying that the Council of Trent upheld the RC beliefs. I do believe you are right.

I just wanted it to be clear that this council was by the Catholics and for the Catholics, showing they didn't agree with the Protestant movement. I'm not sure why you mentioned this council, except as an excuse to go through your objections to RCism again.

I'm no Catholic, just wanted it to be clear what the Council of Trent was about. It was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation by the Catholic church, reiterating their doctrine. They didn't introduce any new "pagan rites, rituals, idols" in the Council of Trent.

Please, go read a bit of history and you will find the Catholics seven sacraments are not from what scripture gives us, but some truth mixed with falsehood derived from pagan rites and ceremonies. The seven sacraments came from another origin not from scripture, so baptism, confirmation, Eucharist (mass), penance/reconciliation (indulgences), extreme unction (last rights), marriage, and orders (ordination) came from pagan sources. The seven sacraments were not even formally decreed until the Council of Florence in 1439, the Council of Trent then declared to be anathema to not hold Rome's position that it was Christ Himself who instituted these seven sacraments. The idea of pushing the sacraments is that it supersedes the shedding of Christ's blood in His death upon the cross, and His death is of no value unless it is somehow dispensed and applied "sacramentally" by the Catholic priesthood.

Catholics are taught that the sacraments are indispensable for salvation, but baptism is considered the most important. Catholics doctrine is that a person enters into the spiritual life of the Church through baptism or really baptismal regeneration (that a person can be saved through baptism) so they practice infant baptism because they believe baptism erases original sin so the priest has power to do that. But scripture makes clear that we cannot be saved by works, and these sacraments even baptism in this form are not taught in the Bible.

The Mass is not from the Bible either, it like the others, has pagan origins. In the Roman Catholic mass, the Eucharist or “host” is a symbol of the sun from the old pagan worship. The round disc in the crescent moon was a symbol of ancient Babylon, and is found in all the ancient religions. Mass was never part of the early church, the mass did not become an official doctrine until pronounced by the Lateran Council of 1215 and then reaffirmed by the Council of Trent. The sacrifice of the mass is the central point of Catholic worship, as seen by the fact that those not attending and abstaining from mass are considered to have committed a mortal sin.

The Catholic Church didn't get to the Council of Trent and its unbiblical and pagan declarations by chance, slowly the church was led into apostasy. Here are some of the steps it took:

AD 310-It brought in the pagan prayers for the dead about 300 years after Christ.
AD about 320-Wax Candles for the pagan ritual of prayers was introduced in church.
AD 321- Pope Constantine passes a law requiring believers to worship on Sunday, the day the pagans worshipped the sun-god.
AD 321 to 364-Sunday worship instituted by the Council of Laodicea.
AD 327-Relic Worship was introduced in church.
AD 375-Veneration of angels and dead saints was introduced in church.
AD 394 -The Mass, as a daily celebration, adopted.
AD 431=The worship of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and the use of the term, "Mother of God", as applied to her, originated in the Council of Ephesus.
AD 500-Priests took on pagan appearance and dress differently from the laity
AD 590-The belief of Eternal Torment was introduced in church.
AD 593-The doctrine of Purgatory was first established by Pope Gregory I.
The Latin language, as the language of prayer and worship in churches, and a form of Western plainchant, was attributed to Pope Gregory I and so took the name of Gregorian chant.
AD 600-The introduction of prayers directed to Mary, or to dead saints. This practice began in the Roman Church during Pope Gregory I
AD 610-The title of pope or universal bishop, was declared given to the bishop of Rome by the emperor Phocas. Gregory 1, then bishop of Rome, refused the title, but his successor, Boniface III, first assumed title "pope."
AD 709-The kissing of the Pope's feet began. It had been a pagan custom to kiss the feet of emperors.
AD 788-Worship of the cross, images and relics was authorized
AD 850-Holy Water, mixed with a pinch of salt and blessed by the priest, was authorized
AD 965-The baptism of bells was instituted by Pope John XIV
AD 995-Canonization of dead saints, first by Pope John XV
AD 998-Fasting on Fridays and during Lent were imposed, some authorities say, began in the year 700.
AD around 1000-The Mass was developed gradually as a sacrifice; attendance made obligatory in the 11th century, some authorities say, began with the liturgy of Pope Gregory I and two versions from beyond the Alps, the Gelasian (originally from Rome) and the ancient Gallican.
AD 1079-The celibacy of the priesthood was decreed by Pope Hildebrand, Boniface VII
AD 1090-The Rosary, or prayer beads was introduced by Peter the Hermit, in the year 1090. Copied from Hindus and Mohammedans
AD 11184-The Inquisition of heretics was instituted by the Council of Verona.
AD 1190-The sale of Indulgences, commonly regarded as a purchase of forgiveness and a permit to indulge in sin and it was the protest against this traffic that brought on the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.
AD 1215-The dogma of Transubstantiation was decreed by Pope Innocent III. By this doctrine the priest pretends to perform a daily miracle by changing a wafer into the body of Christ, and then lays claim to eat Him in the presence of his people during Mass.
AD 1215-Confession of sin to the priest at least once a year was instituted by Pope Innocent III., in the Lateran Council
AD 1220-The adoration of the wafer (Host), was decreed by Pope Honorius
which is plain idolatry.
AD 1229-The Bible forbidden to laymen and placed in the Index of forbidden books by the Council of Valencia
AD 1287-The Scapular was invented by Simon Stock, and English monk
It is a piece of brown cloth, with the picture of the Virgin and supposed to contain supernatural virtue to protect from all dangers those who wear it on naked skin.
AD 1311-Infant Baptism was introduced in church.
AD 1414-The Roman Church forbade the cup to the laity, by instituting the communion of one kind in the Council of Constance
AD 1439-The doctrine of Purgatory was proclaimed as a dogma of faith by Council of Florence
AD 1439-The doctrine of 7 Sacraments affirmed
AD 1808-The Ave Maria, part of the last was completed 50 years afterward and finally approved by Pope Sixtus V, at the end of the 16th century.
AD 1445-The Council of Trent, held in the year 1545, declared that Tradition is of equal authority with the Bible and apocryphal books were added to the Bible also by the Council of Trent

The Roman Church says it never changes and yet it has done nothing else but invent 'new doctrines' from pagan origin which are contrary to the Bible, and has brought in and practiced rites and ceremonies taken bodily from paganism.
 
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reddogs

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The Lateran Council of 469 under Pope Martin I declared:

"If anyone does not confess in harmony with the holy Fathers that the holy and ever virgin and immaculate Mary is really and truly the mother of God, inasmuch as she in the last times and without sperm by the Holy Spirit conceived God the Word himself specially and truthfully, who was born from God the Father before all ages, and she bore him uncorrupted, and after his birth her virginity remaining indissoluble, let him be condemned."

The perpetual virginity of Mary thus became an official teaching of the church: Mary was a virgin before, during, and after the birth of Jesus. Then in 1555, the Council of Trent confirmed this dogma in the Constitution of Pope Paul IV known as "Cum Quorundam." Here the pope warns against teaching that "the same blessed Virgin Mary is not truly the Mother of God, and did not remain always in the integrity of virginity, i. e., before birth, in birth, and perpetually after birth."

This is not scriptural and has pagan origins as is the case with the other Council of Trent confirmations. Here is a good explanation:

'..What is the biblical evidence for this dogma? There is none —absolutely none. As one scholar quaintly noted, the doctrine “is a matter of dogmatic assumption unmixed with any alloy of factual evidence” (Sweet, 3.2003).
The theory had its roots in the pagan environment of the post-apostolic age when there was a strong emphasis upon celibacy within certain heathen religions. In that day, sexual intercourse, even within marriage, sometimes carried the suspicion of sin.
Alexander Hislop has shown a remarkable concurrence between the Vestal Virgins of pagan Rome, and the propensity for virginity that evolved in the digressive church of the post-apostolic period (Hislop, 223, 236-238, 250).
The idea thus evolved that it was inconceivable that Mary should have engaged in normal marital relations. It is a baffling mystery how a Church, that holds marriage to be a “sacrament,” can entertain such a misdirected viewpoint (see Heb. 13:4).
A progressively deteriorating church (cf. 2 Thes. 2:1ff; 1 Tim. 4:1ff; 2 Tim. 4:1ff), therefore, was ever attempting to accommodate “Christianity” to paganism, in order to provide a “comfort zone” that would attract the heathen to the religion of Christ. This is an historical reality that not even Catholic scholars deny (see Attwater, 363). For an historical survey of this phenomenon, see Edward Gibbon’s famous work, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Chapter XXVIII). Gibbon concludes this chapter with these words:
“The most respectable bishops had persuaded themselves that the ignorant rustics would more cheerfully renounce the superstitions of Paganism, if they found some resemblance, some compensation, in the bosom of Christianity” (II.70).
Hence the baseless notion was foisted upon the biblical records that Mary remained a virgin for life. And all biblical evidence that suggests otherwise is rationalized away with less-than-imaginative textual manipulations...www.christiancourier.com/articles/600-alleged-perpetual-virginity-of-mary-the
 
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tnp2140

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What are you trying to say?

There was nobody from the Reformation movement at the council of Trent. It was Catholics meeting with Catholics.

Martin Luther wasn't there. Zwingli and Calvin weren't there. The Council of Trent was Catholics staying firm in their own dogma. It is not in any way the Protestant movement agreeing to those beliefs!

If you are saying the Reformation had little effect on RC church doctrine, you may have a point. To say it "squashed" the Reformation movement is quite a statement and I would love to hear your reasoning. Seems to me even now in 2014 there are quite a few Protestant churches. I even belong to one!


The big showdown came at the Council of Trent in 1562. Would Sola Scripture become the authority of the Christian community, or would Catholic Tradition be the final authority? In the Council of Trent the Protestant position of Sola Scripture was defeated and the Catholic Tradition upheld BECAUSE THE PROTESTANTS THEMSELVES WERE UPHOLDING IT.

"The Bible and the Bible only," were the watchwords of the Protestants.
"The Bible as interpreted by the Church and according to the unanimous consent of the Fathers," this was the position and claim of the Catholic Church.

Back and forth the arguments flowed. There were strong advocates for the Bible only, even among Catholics within the council. The Papal authorities became very worried as the debate continued day after day.

Then on January 18, 1562 Archbishop Reggio came with an argument that completely took the wind out of the sails of the Protestants and won the battle for tradition over the Bible.

"The Protestants claim to stand upon the written word only. They profess to hold the Scripture alone as the standard of faith. They justify their revolt by the plea that the church has apostatized from the written word of God and follows tradition. Their profession of holding the Scripture alone as the standard of faith, IS FALSE. Proof: The written word explicitly enjoins the observance of the seventh day as the Sabbath. They do not observe the seventh day, but reject it. If they do truly hold to Scripture alone as their standard, they would be observing the seventh day as is enjoined in the Scripture throughout. Yet they not only reject the observance of the Sabbath, but they have adopted and do practice the observance of Sunday, for which they have only the tradition of the Church. Consequently the claim of :Scripture alone as the standard,' fails; and the doctrine of ‘Scripture and tradition' as essential, is fully established, the Protestants themselves being the judges."

The Protestants had no answer. They themselves had admitted that Sunday was a child of the Papacy, yet they were worshiping upon it, rather than upon the Sabbath day.

The Catholic scholars were elated, the advocates for "Scripture alone," surrendered, and the council at once unanimously condemned Protestantism and the whole Reformation as only an unwarranted revolt from the communion and authority of the Catholic Church, and proceeded to other matters.

-----

And so the Reformation was nullified and made of no effect upon the rejection of the Sabbath issue by the reformers. Many Catholic ecclesiastical leaders were ready for implementation of global-wide reform of principle and practice. Yet, it is this council which demonstrated and proved the hypocrisy of the Reformers and as a result, the effect which the Reformation could and should have had upon the Corrupt Roman Church, failed. And within a few hundred years, we now see each one of the denominations which broke off from the Mother Church joining back into the fold of the Papacy, so much as to apologize publicly for the Reformation and the rebellion of Luther and rest of the Reformers.
 
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ricker

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The big showdown came at the Council of Trent in 1562. Would Sola Scripture become the authority of the Christian community, or would Catholic Tradition be the final authority? In the Council of Trent the Protestant position of Sola Scripture was defeated and the Catholic Tradition upheld BECAUSE THE PROTESTANTS THEMSELVES WERE UPHOLDING IT.

"The Bible and the Bible only," were the watchwords of the Protestants.
"The Bible as interpreted by the Church and according to the unanimous consent of the Fathers," this was the position and claim of the Catholic Church.

Back and forth the arguments flowed. There were strong advocates for the Bible only, even among Catholics within the council. The Papal authorities became very worried as the debate continued day after day.

Then on January 18, 1562 Archbishop Reggio came with an argument that completely took the wind out of the sails of the Protestants and won the battle for tradition over the Bible.

"The Protestants claim to stand upon the written word only. They profess to hold the Scripture alone as the standard of faith. They justify their revolt by the plea that the church has apostatized from the written word of God and follows tradition. Their profession of holding the Scripture alone as the standard of faith, IS FALSE. Proof: The written word explicitly enjoins the observance of the seventh day as the Sabbath. They do not observe the seventh day, but reject it. If they do truly hold to Scripture alone as their standard, they would be observing the seventh day as is enjoined in the Scripture throughout. Yet they not only reject the observance of the Sabbath, but they have adopted and do practice the observance of Sunday, for which they have only the tradition of the Church. Consequently the claim of :Scripture alone as the standard,' fails; and the doctrine of ‘Scripture and tradition' as essential, is fully established, the Protestants themselves being the judges."

The Protestants had no answer. They themselves had admitted that Sunday was a child of the Papacy, yet they were worshiping upon it, rather than upon the Sabbath day.

The Catholic scholars were elated, the advocates for "Scripture alone," surrendered, and the council at once unanimously condemned Protestantism and the whole Reformation as only an unwarranted revolt from the communion and authority of the Catholic Church, and proceeded to other matters.

-----

And so the Reformation was nullified and made of no effect upon the rejection of the Sabbath issue by the reformers. Many Catholic ecclesiastical leaders were ready for implementation of global-wide reform of principle and practice. Yet, it is this council which demonstrated and proved the hypocrisy of the Reformers and as a result, the effect which the Reformation could and should have had upon the Corrupt Roman Church, failed. And within a few hundred years, we now see each one of the denominations which broke off from the Mother Church joining back into the fold of the Papacy, so much as to apologize publicly for the Reformation and the rebellion of Luther and rest of the Reformers.

Where did you find this information? Documentation please. Pro SDA websites?

What prominent Protestant leaders were there?

Anybody can write or copy and paste anything on the Internet, at least I'm showing you where. Here is a quote from
Council of Trent - New World Encyclopedia

The number of attending members in the three periods varied considerably. The council was small at the beginning.[14] It increased toward the close, but never reached the number of the first ecumenical council at Nicaea, (which had 318 members), nor of the First Vatican Council (which numbered 744). The decrees were signed by 255 members, including four papal legates, two cardinals, three patriarchs, twenty-five archbishops, 168 bishops, two-thirds of whom were Italians. The Italian and Spanish prelates were vastly preponderant in power and numbers. At the passage of the most important decrees not more than sixty prelates were present.

I don't see any Reformation leaders at all. Just the established Roman Catholic leaders. Again, who were these Protestants you say were there and had no answer?

Here is possibly a quote from Reggio, but found in an SDA website.
The Sabbath, the most glorious day in the law, has been changed into the Lord’s day. Circumcision, enjoined upon Abraham and his seed under such threatening that he who had not been circumcised would be destroyed from among his people, has been so abrogated that the apostle asserts: "If ye be circumcised, ye have fallen from grace, and Christ shall profit you nothing." These and other similar matters have not ceased by virtue of Christ’s teaching (for He says He has come to fulfill the law, not to destroy it), but they have been changed by the authority of the church. Indeed, if she should be removed (since there must be heresies), who would set forth truth, and confound the obstinacy of heretics? All things will be confused, and soon heresies condemned by her authority will spring up again.
He is equating the Sabbath law with the law of circumcision. Hardly a case for SDA's.
You do know that the Roman Catholic church considers the teachings of St Paul in the NT as their own, right?

PS: I don't care in the least if you think RC doctrine is sometimes wrong, I do too! I don't care if you think the Sabbath is the seal of God and all non-SDA's will perish, your prerogative. I just like history to be accurately portrayed.
 
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I will agree that the way things were worded would give off impression of a claim that there were protestant leaders at the council. This is not what is being stated however; simply the fact that there was no rebuke possible or presented back by the Protestants to the statements and dogmas established/reinforced by the Council of Trent. Perhaps the author should have used a better choice of words.

This does not diminish the truth presented in what I quoted. And if you are honest and sincere in wanting to learn more about the arguments presented by Gaspard del Fosso, the then-archbishop of Reggio, I would encourage you to look through the book called History of the Council of Trent by Felix Bungener.

:)
 
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I guess you're saying that the Council of Trent upheld the RC beliefs. I do believe you are right.

I just wanted it to be clear that this council was by the Catholics and for the Catholics, showing they didn't agree with the Protestant movement. I'm not sure why you mentioned this council, except as an excuse to go through your objections to RCism again.

I'm no Catholic, just wanted it to be clear what the Council of Trent was about. It was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation by the Catholic church, reiterating their doctrine. They didn't introduce any new "pagan rites, rituals, idols" in the Council of Trent.


Read Bible Revelation 17. It describes the end time church of Rome perfectly..and God refers to her as a "mother of harlots"...so Rome has spawned the protestant religions as well.. Rome through satan changed the teachings from the Holy word of God to fit it's own perverted pagan sun god worship...:o
 
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reddogs

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Yes, in the mid 1500's the Roman Catholic church was opposed to the new movement of Protestantism, made plain by the Council of Trent. Definitely a historical fact.

Is there anything else here besides another treatise against the RC's beliefs?
Its not RC beliefs but the false religion behind it on which gets its rites, rituals, sacraments, etc.. and day of worship which is most definitely historical fact.
 
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reddogs

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I guess you're saying that the Council of Trent upheld the RC beliefs. I do believe you are right.

I just wanted it to be clear that this council was by the Catholics and for the Catholics, showing they didn't agree with the Protestant movement. I'm not sure why you mentioned this council, except as an excuse to go through your objections to RCism again.

I'm no Catholic, just wanted it to be clear what the Council of Trent was about. It was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation by the Catholic church, reiterating their doctrine. They didn't introduce any new "pagan rites, rituals, idols" in the Council of Trent.
No, I would say it was Christians but pushed by Satans leaders who were in the church.
 
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I guess you're saying that the Council of Trent upheld the RC beliefs. I do believe you are right.

I just wanted it to be clear that this council was by the Catholics and for the Catholics, showing they didn't agree with the Protestant movement. I'm not sure why you mentioned this council, except as an excuse to go through your objections to RCism again.

I'm no Catholic, just wanted it to be clear what the Council of Trent was about. It was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation by the Catholic church, reiterating their doctrine. They didn't introduce any new "pagan rites, rituals, idols" in the Council of Trent.
The Protestants came and were only let in from the second meeting of the sessions.

"Council of Trent: called by Pope Paul III between 1545-1563 and met in three sessions. Protestants were present during the second meeting. The council reaffirmed the doctrines disputed by the reformists.

Doctrines reaffirmed 1) Transubstantiation 2) Justification by faith and works 3) The medieval mass was upheld 4) The seven sacraments were confirmed 5) Celibacy was maintained 6) The doctrine of Purgatory was maintained 7) Indulgences were reaffirmed 8) Papal power was increased by giving the Pope the authority to enforce the decrees of the Council and requiring church officials to promise him obedience. (History of Christianity, p.410. 1)

Transubstantiation "Marvellous diginity of the priests, in their hands as in the womb of the blesse d virgin Mary the Son of God becomes incarnate. Behold, the power of the priest! The tongue of the priest makes God from a morsel of bread, it is more than crea ting the world." - Eucharist Meditations, p.111 Canon 1: If anyone denies that in the sacrament of the most Holy Eucharist are contained truly, really and substantially the body and blood together with soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and consequently the whole Christ, but says that He is in it only as in a sign, or a figure or force, let him be anathema. - Council of Trent, session 13, ch.VIII, ratified by Vatican II. compare with heb.10:14 "The priest has the power of the keys or the power of ll, of making them worthy of paradise and of changing into children of God. And God himself is obligated to his priests and either not to pardon or to pardon." iest, edit, E. Grimm 1927, p.27. delivering sinners from he them from slaves of Satan abide by the judgement of Dignity and duty of the Pr

Mary the Mediatrix 1854 - Immaculate (Pope Pius IX) 1951 - Pope Pius XII defined and enforced the doctrine of the bodily Assumption of Mary. "The sinner that ventures directly to Christ may come with dread and apprehension of his wrath; but let him only employ the mediation of the Virgin with her Son and she has only to show that Son the breasts that gave him suck and his wrath will immediately be appeased." - Catholic Layman July 1856. "He falls and is lost who has not recourse to Mary. Mary is called the gate of heaven because no one can enter that blessed kingdom without passing through her. The way to salvation is open to none otherwise than through Mary... The salvation of all depends on their being favoured and protected by Mary. He who is protected by Mary will be saved: he who is not will be lost... Our salvation depends on thee... God will not save us without the intercession of Mary." - Dave Hunt, A Woman Rides the Beast, p.438.
 
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The Council of Trent was held in an attempt to destroy the progress of the Protestant Reformation; it approved many pagan and unbiblical beliefs and declared it was to be accepted under the threat of "anathema".

The Council of Trent declared in its proclamation's the following:

It denied all the doctrines of the Reformation, from Sola Scriptura to "salvation by grace through faith alone" and pronounced anathemas (basically eternal damnation) upon anyone believing what the scripture shows and the Reformation held and preached.

It gave equal value and authority of tradition and Scripture (in actuality, tradition is held above Scripture) and so allowed for all the pagan rites and rituals it had allowed into the church.

Declared the Scriptures was for the priesthood only, and prohibited to anyone in the laity without written permission from one's superior -- to violate this was considered a mortal sin.

Confirmed the seven sacraments which basically were of pagan origin in the form they brought in. They held seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, Eucharist (mass), penance/reconciliation (indulgences), extreme unction (last rights), marriage, and orders (ordination). Although not even formally decreed until the Council of Florence in 1439, the Council of Trent later declared all to be anathema whom do not hold Rome's position that it was Christ Himself who instituted these seven sacraments, but the form they used were from paganism more than anything from scripture.

Confirmed Purgatory which has no biblical basis but of pagan origin.Though of pagan origin, the Roman Church proclaimed it as an article of faith in 1439 at the Council of Florence, and it was confirmed by Trent in 1548. The Catholic Church teaches that even those "who die in the state of grace" (i.e., saved and sins forgiven) must still spend an indefinite time being purged/purified (i.e., expiated of sins/cleansed for heaven).

Confirmed the use Indulgences of which clearly is not sanctioned by the scriptures.

Confirmed the Mass as a propitiatory offering.The Mass was unknown in the early church, the mass did not become an official doctrine until pronounced by the Lateran Council of 1215 under the direction of Pope Innocent III, and reaffirmed by the Council of Trent.

Confirmed the perpetual virginity of Mary. The Lateran Council of 469 under Pope Martin I declared: "if anyone does not confess in harmony with the holy Fathers that the holy and ever virgin and immaculate Mary is really and truly the mother of God, inasmuch as she in the last times and without sperm by the Holy Spirit conceived God the Word himself specially and truthfully, who was born from God the Father before all ages, and she bore him uncorrupted, and after his birth her virginity remaining indissoluble, let him be condemned." The perpetual virginity of Mary thus became an official teaching of the church: Mary was a virgin before, during, and after the birth of Jesus. In 1555, the Council of Trent confirmed this dogma in the Constitution of Pope Paul IV known as "Cum Quorundam." Here the pope warns against teaching that "the same blessed Virgin Mary is not truly the Mother of God, and did not remain always in the integrity of virginity, i. e., before birth, in birth, and perpetually after birth."

Some of the of the Anathemas of Trent:

"If any one shall deny that the body and blood together with the soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, and therefore entire Christ, are truly, really, and substantially contained in the sacrament of the most holy Eucharist; and shall say that He is only in it as a sign, or in a figure, or virtually -- let him be accursed." (Canon 1).

"If any one shall say that the substance of the bread and wine remains in the sacrament of the most holy Eucharist, together with the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and shall deny that wonderful and singular conversion of the whole substance of the bread into the body, and of the whole substance of the wine into the blood, the outward forms of the bread and wine still remaining, which conversion the Catholic church most aptly calls transubstantiation, let him be accursed."(Canon 2).

"If any one shall deny, that in the venerated sacrament of the Eucharist, entire Christ is contained in each kind, and in each several particle of either kind when separated, let him be accursed."(Canon 3).

"If any one shall say that, after consecration, the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ is only in the wonderful sacrament of the Eucharist in use whilst it is taken, and not either before or after, and that the true body of the Lord does not remain in the hosts or particles which have been consecrated, and which are reserved, or remain after the communion, let him be accursed."(Canon 4).

"If any one says that the principal fruit of the most holy Eucharist is the remission of sins or that other effects do not result from it, let him be accursed." (Canon 5).

"If any man shall say that Christ, the only begotten Son of God, is not to be adored in the holy sacrament of the Eucharist, even with the open worship of latria, and therefore not to be venerated with any peculiar festal celebrity, nor to be solemnly carried about in processions according to the praiseworthy, and universal rites and customs of the holy Church, and that he is not to be publicly set before the people to be adored, and that his adorers are idolaters -- let him be accursed." (Canon 6).

"If anyone shall say that the ungodly man is justified by faith only so as to understand that nothing else is required that may cooperate to obtain the grace of justification, and that it is in no wise necessary for him to be prepared and disposed by the motion of his own will ... let him be accursed." (Canon 9).

"If anyone shall say that justifying faith is nothing else than confidence in the divine mercy pardoning sins for Christ's sake, or that it is that confidence alone by which we are justified ... let him be accursed." (Canon 12).

Here we see the Council of Trent sets forth the pagan 'Mystery' of the Eucharist. Now in the sacrament of the Eucharist, was the doctrine of Transubstantiation (in Latin, transsubstantiatio, in Greek metousiosis) which is the change whereby, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, the bread and the wine used in the sacrament of the Eucharist become, not merely as by a sign or a figure, but also in actual reality the body and blood of Christ. However the doctrine of transubstantiation does not date back to the Last Supper as is supposed.

Like many of the beliefs and rites of the Roman Catholic Church, transubstantiation origin is from paganism, and was first practiced by pagan religions. The idea of transubstantiation was characteristic of the religion of Mithra whose sacraments of cakes and Haoma drink closely parallel the Catholic Eucharistic rite. The noted historian Durant said that belief in transubstantiation as practiced by the priests of the Roman Catholic system is "one of the oldest ceremonies of primitive religion." The Story Of Civilization, p. 741. In Egypt priests would consecrate mest cakes which were supposed to be come the flesh of Osiris. Encyclopedia Of Religions, Vol. 2, p. 76.

It was never held in the early church and took many centuries before officially becoming an article of faith by the church of Rome, which means that it is essential to salvation according to the Roman Catholic Church. The idea of a corporal presence was not part of beliefs, but in 831 A.D. Paschasius Radbertus, a Benedictine monk, published a treatise openly advocating the doctrine of transubstantiation. Even then, for almost another four hundred years, theological debate waged over this teaching by bishops and people alike until at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 A.D., it was officially defined and canonized as a dogma.

The Christian Church for the first three hundred years remained somewhat pure and faithful to the Word of God, but after the so called conversion of Constantine, who for political expedience declared Christianity the state religion, thousands of pagans were admitted to the church without true conversion. They brought with them pagan rites which they boldly introduced into the church with Christian terminology, thus corrupting the church. Even the noted Catholic prelate and theologian, Cardinal Newman, tells us that Constantine introduced many things of pagan origin: "We are told in various ways by Eusebius, that Constantine, in order to recommend the new religion to the heathen, transferred into it the outward ornaments to which they had been accustomed in their own...The use of temples, and these dedicated to particular saints, and ornamented on occasions with branches of trees; incense, lamps, and candles; votive offerings on recovery from illness; holy water; asylums; holydays and seasons, use of calendars, processions, blessings on fields, sacerdotal vestments, the tonsure, the ring in marriage, turning to the East, images at a later date, perhaps the ecclesiastical chant, and the Kyrie Eleison, are all of pagan origin, and sanctified by their adoption into the Church." An Essay On The Development Of Christian Doctrine, pp. 359, 360.

This unholy alliance also allowed the continuance of the pagan custom of eating and drinking the literal flesh and literal blood of their god. This is actually how pagan transubstantiation, through the sacrament of the Eucharist, entered the church and declared part of the beliefs.

True believers who correctly interpret the Word of God see without any difficulty whatsoever that our Lord's reference to His body and blood was symbolic. When Jesus spoke of Himself as being the bread, He was not teaching the pagan transubstantiation brought in by Roman Catholic Church. It is wrong to hold that the Son of God turned a piece of bread into Himself. It is perfectly clear in the Gospels that Christ spoke in figurative terms, referring to Himself as "the door," "the vine'', "the light," "the root," "the rock," "the bright and morning star" and so it was with the bread and wine.

However the doctrine of transubstantiation is clearly of paganism mystery's, which pretended, on the pronunciation of a few potent words, to change one substance into another, or by pagan rites, wholly to remove one substance, and to substitute another in its place. From the Council of Trent the pagan god of flour and water, produced by priestly sorcery, is still worshipped and adored to this day as it was defined. We can find it in the bowing, genuflecting, praying to the "Blessed Sacrament" which may be seen daily in any Catholic church.

"Confirmed the seven sacraments which basically were of pagan origin in the form they brought in."

prove the above with primary sources and links to those sources only.
 
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AD 310-It brought in the pagan prayers for the dead about 300 years after Christ.
AD about 320-Wax Candles for the pagan ritual of prayers was introduced in church.
AD 321- Pope Constantine passes a law requiring believers to worship on Sunday, the day the pagans worshipped the sun-god.
AD 321 to 364-Sunday worship instituted by the Council of Laodicea.
AD 327-Relic Worship was introduced in church.
AD 375-Veneration of angels and dead saints was introduced in church.
AD 394 -The Mass, as a daily celebration, adopted.
AD 431=The worship of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and the use of the term, "Mother of God", as applied to her, originated in the Council of Ephesus.
AD 500-Priests took on pagan appearance and dress differently from the laity
AD 590-The belief of Eternal Torment was introduced in church.
AD 593-The doctrine of Purgatory was first established by Pope Gregory I.
The Latin language, as the language of prayer and worship in churches, and a form of Western plainchant, was attributed to Pope Gregory I and so took the name of Gregorian chant.
AD 600-The introduction of prayers directed to Mary, or to dead saints. This practice began in the Roman Church during Pope Gregory I
AD 610-The title of pope or universal bishop, was declared given to the bishop of Rome by the emperor Phocas. Gregory 1, then bishop of Rome, refused the title, but his successor, Boniface III, first assumed title "pope."
AD 709-The kissing of the Pope's feet began. It had been a pagan custom to kiss the feet of emperors.
AD 788-Worship of the cross, images and relics was authorized
AD 850-Holy Water, mixed with a pinch of salt and blessed by the priest, was authorized
AD 965-The baptism of bells was instituted by Pope John XIV
AD 995-Canonization of dead saints, first by Pope John XV
AD 998-Fasting on Fridays and during Lent were imposed, some authorities say, began in the year 700.
AD around 1000-The Mass was developed gradually as a sacrifice; attendance made obligatory in the 11th century, some authorities say, began with the liturgy of Pope Gregory I and two versions from beyond the Alps, the Gelasian (originally from Rome) and the ancient Gallican.
AD 1079-The celibacy of the priesthood was decreed by Pope Hildebrand, Boniface VII
AD 1090-The Rosary, or prayer beads was introduced by Peter the Hermit, in the year 1090. Copied from Hindus and Mohammedans
AD 11184-The Inquisition of heretics was instituted by the Council of Verona.
AD 1190-The sale of Indulgences, commonly regarded as a purchase of forgiveness and a permit to indulge in sin and it was the protest against this traffic that brought on the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.
AD 1215-The dogma of Transubstantiation was decreed by Pope Innocent III. By this doctrine the priest pretends to perform a daily miracle by changing a wafer into the body of Christ, and then lays claim to eat Him in the presence of his people during Mass.
AD 1215-Confession of sin to the priest at least once a year was instituted by Pope Innocent III., in the Lateran Council
AD 1220-The adoration of the wafer (Host), was decreed by Pope Honorius
which is plain idolatry.
AD 1229-The Bible forbidden to laymen and placed in the Index of forbidden books by the Council of Valencia
AD 1287-The Scapular was invented by Simon Stock, and English monk
It is a piece of brown cloth, with the picture of the Virgin and supposed to contain supernatural virtue to protect from all dangers those who wear it on naked skin.
AD 1311-Infant Baptism was introduced in church.
AD 1414-The Roman Church forbade the cup to the laity, by instituting the communion of one kind in the Council of Constance
AD 1439-The doctrine of Purgatory was proclaimed as a dogma of faith by Council of Florence
AD 1439-The doctrine of 7 Sacraments affirmed
AD 1808-The Ave Maria, part of the last was completed 50 years afterward and finally approved by Pope Sixtus V, at the end of the 16th century.
AD 1445-The Council of Trent, held in the year 1545, declared that Tradition is of equal authority with the Bible and apocryphal books were added to the Bible also by the Council of Trent

please prove your list from primary sources only with links to those sources.
 
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