Revelation 18:13 "chariots, horses, bodies and souls of men"

[LittleLambofJesus]

I couldn't find a thread on this topic so I decided to create one

NT verses showing horses and chariots. There are actually 2 different Greek words used in Revelation for "chariot" which I have never noticed before.

Reve 9 appears to show battle chariots while Reve 18 is a type of wagon/carriage for carrying people and supplies?
Discuss........

716. harma har'-mah probably from 142 (perhaps with 1 (as a particle of union) prefixed); a chariot (as raised or fitted together (compare 719)):--chariot.
G716 matches the Greek ἅρμα (harma), occurs 4 times in 4 verses

Act 8:28 was returning. And sitting in his chariot, he was reading Isaiah the prophet.
Act 8:29 Then the Spirit said to Philip, “Go near and overtake this chariot.”
Act 8:38 So he commanded the chariot to stand still. And both Philip and the eunuch went down into the water, and he baptized him.

Revelation 9:9 And they had breastplates like breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots<716> with many horses running into battle.
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Revelation 18:8 Thru this in one day shall be arriving<2240> Her blows, death and sorrow and famine. And in fire She shall be utterly burned<2618>,that strong Lord the GOD, the One judging Her.
9 And shall be lamenting<2799> over Her and shall be grieving/smiting selves<2875> over Her the kings of the earth,those with Her committing whoredom and indulging whenever they may be beholding<991> the smoke of Her firing<4451>.
10 From afar<3113> having stood because of the fear of the tormenting<929> of Her saying "Woe! woe! the great City Babylon! the strong City! That to one hour came the judging<2920> of Thee.
11 And the Merchants<1713> of the land are lamenting<2799> and mourning<3996> over Her, that their cargo<1117> no one is buying anymore.
12 Cargo of gold and silver, and precious stone and pearl and fine linen and purple, [Luke 16:19/Revelation 18:16] and silk, and scarlet, and all thyne wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel of most precious wood and brass and iron and marble 13 and cinnamon, and odours, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine and oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep

4480. rheda hred'-ah of Latin origin; a rheda, i.e. four-wheeled carriage (wagon for riding):--chariot.

and of horses and of chariots<4480> and of bodies and souls of men.

14 ‘And the fruition<3703> of Thee of the yearning of Thy soul passed away<565> Thee,
and all the dainty and the splendid things perished<622> from Thee, and no longer not no Thou shall be finding them. 15 The Merchants of these, those being rich from Her,
from afar<3113> shall be standing, because of the fear of Her torment<929>, weeping<2799>, and mourning<3996>,
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In the next posts, we will explore their usage in the OT and put up commentaries.....

 

[joshua 1 9]

In the Torah they used a camel to transport their products to sell. Today the silk road is 7,000 miles long. The letter gimel (G) represents a camel. The letter zayin (Z) represents a weapon. In the ancient hebrew language.

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

I am going to be examining some commentaries on G4480

4480. rheda hred'-ah of Latin origin; a rheda, i.e. four-wheeled carriage (wagon for riding):--chariot.

The Great City/Harlot/Queen Revelation chapts 17-19

and of horses and of chariots/carriages/wagons<4480> and of bodies and souls of men.
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Only a few of the Bible versions use the actual word "carriage/wagons".

New International Version
cargoes of cinnamon and spice, of incense, myrrh and frankincense, of wine and olive oil, of fine flour and wheat; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and human beings sold as slaves.
New Living Translation
She also bought cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, wagons, and bodies—that is, human slaves.
Christian Standard Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine, olive oil, fine flour, and grain; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and slaves--human lives.
Good News Translation
and cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine and oil, flour and wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and carriages, slaves, and even human lives.
Holman Christian Standard Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine, olive oil, fine wheat flour, and grain; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and slaves and human lives.
NET Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, perfumed ointment, frankincense, wine, olive oil and costly flour, wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and four-wheeled carriages, slaves and human lives.
GOD'S WORD® Translation
cinnamon, spices, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, wagons, slaves (that is, humans).
Weymouth New Testament
Also cinnamon and amomum; odors to burn as incense or for perfume; frankincense, wine, oil; fine flour, wheat, cattle and sheep; horses and carriages and slaves; and the lives of men.
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Revelation 18:13 Commentaries: and cinnamon and spice and incense and perfume and frankincense and wine and olive oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep, and cargoes of horses and chariots and slaves and human lives.

EXEGETICAL (ORIGINAL LANGUAGES)

Bengel's Gnomen
Revelation 18:13. Ἄμωμον, amomum) A kind of shrub, the wood of which affords a sweet odour. [This reading is not to be omitted. Amomum is pleasing to the people of Italy.[202]—Not. Crit.]— καὶ κτήνη, καὶ πρόβατα, and beasts of burden, and sheep) These kinds differ, as בקר and צאן among the Hebrews. Thus צאן ובקר, Jeremiah 31 (Gr. 38) 12, ΚΑῚ ΚΤΗΝῶΝ ΚΑῚ ΠΡΟΒΆΤΩΝ. One of the LXX., or, as the Talmudical treatise respecting the scribes teaches, according to the number or the books of Moses, one of the five, translators has plainly expressed the passage of Genesis 46:34, ἐρεῖτε, ἄνδρες κτηνοτρόφοι ἐσμὲν—βδέλυγμα γὰρ ἐστιν Αἰγυπτίοις πᾶς ποιμὴν προβάτων.—ῥεδῶν) Vulg. rhedarum. רכב, LXX., ἍΡΜΑ, which noun is found also, ch. Revelation 11:9. עגלה is rendered by LXX. often, ἍΜΑΞΑ. But ῬΈΔΗ is to be found in no writer, who wrote in Greek before John. Nor does the particular object itself appear to have been known to the Greeks: for different nations delight in different forms of vehicles.

Neither is rheda, or, according to Isidore, reda, a Greek word, as Andreas of Cæsareia sufficiently teaches on this passage, explaining ῬΈΔΑΝ, for the sake of the Greeks, by ὌΧΗΜΑ, as Theophylact does ΚΟΥΣΤΩΔΊΑΝ, by ΦΥΛΑΚῊΝ, Matthew 27:65.
Nor did rheda sound with less novelty among the Greeks, than that word ὄχημα would sound in the Latin language. It is owing to this that the Greek copyists wrote in this place ῥεδῶν with such variations.[203] The modern Greek version, ἀμάξια. Many Gallic words prevailed, as rheda, which Cicero uses, says Quintil. l. i. c. 5; but Isidore: the reda is a kind of four-wheeled carriage; these the ancients called retæ, because they had rotæ [wheels]: l. xx. 12. The Arabian version, better acquainted with Greek than with Latin, substituted of mules and camels. The word thus introduced into the Latin state, and therefore become Latin, is not without design used in this passage. This stricture indeed attacks Rome, and the luxury which is peculiar to Rome. Jerome on Isaiah 66 : With Gallic waggon, and war-chariots, and horses of Cappadocia and Spain; and carriages of Italy [REDIS ITALIÆ], etc.

On the Hebrews, meant by the use of Hebrew words, comp. note on ch. Revelation 7:4.— καὶ σωμάτων, καὶ ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων) The Greeks often say σώματα instead of slaves: Tob 10:10 (11), σώματα καὶ κτήνη καὶ ἀργύριον: and thus LXX., Genesis 36:6, πάντα τὰ σώματα τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ. The same again, Ezekiel 27:13, ἐνεμπορεύονταί σοι ἐν ψυχαῖς ἀνθρώπων. In both these passages נפש and אדם נפש are the words in the Hebrew. Ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων are used for carcases, the dead, Numbers 9:6; Numbers 19:11, but also for the living, Leviticus 24:17, especially captives or slaves, Numbers 31:35; Numbers 31:40; Numbers 31:46. In this passage, where merchants are introduced complaining, the bodies are slaves, used for carrying merchandise or their masters: the souls of men are slaves, in so far as they are in themselves counted as merchandise.
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A Roman carriage. Notice how the horses pull from their neck (photo from and article by Ignacio González Tascón in the catalog (page 122) of an exhibition called ARTIFEX: Ingeniería Romana en España which took place at the Museo Arqueológico of Madrid from March to June 2002.

A trip from Rome to Cadiz in southern Spain took two or two and a half months, though Julius Caesar, riding in a coach and using the efficient army network of roads and mansiones (places for the military to rest and change horses) once made the trip in 28 days. They say he wrote much of his Gallic Wars in carriages on his way to army camps. Caesar didn’t waste time.

Here is a map of the main roads of the Roman Empire in AD125. Most were there long before the Romans came along.

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

Chariots in Revelation 9:9

Revelation 9:9 And they had breastplates like breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots<716> with many horses running into battle.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible
And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron - Hard, horny, impenetrable, as if they were made of iron. The locust has a firm and hard cuticle on the forepart of the breast, which serves for a shield or defense while it moves in the thorny and furzy vegetation. On those which John saw this was especially hard and horny, and would thus be well adapted to be an emblem of the breastplates of iron commonly worn by ancient warriors. The meaning is, that the warriors referred to would be well clad with defensive armor.
And the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle - The noise made by locusts is often spoken of by travelers, and the comparison of that noise with that of chariots rushing to battle, is not only appropriate, but also indicates clearly what was symbolized. It was an army that was symbolized, and everything about them served to represent hosts of men well armed, rushing to conflict.
The same thing here referred to is noticed by Joel Joe 2:4-5, Joel 2:7;

"The appearance of them is as the appearance of horses;
And as horsemen so shall they run.
Like the noise of chariots on the tops of mountains, shall they leap;
Like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble;
As a strong people set in battle array.
They shall run like mighty men;
They shall climb the wall like men of war;
And they shall march every one his ways,
And shall not break their ranks," etc.

It is remarkable that Volney, who had no intention of illustrating the truth of Scripture, has given a description of locusts, as if he meant to confirm the truth of what is here said. "Syria," says he, "as well as Egypt, Persia, and almost all the south of Asia, is subject to another calamity no less dreadful (than earthquakes); I mean those clouds of locusts so often mentioned by travelers. The quantity of these insects is incredible to all who have not themselves witnessed their astounding numbers; the whole earth is covered with them for the space of several leagues. The noise they make in browsing on the trees and herbage may be heard to a great distance, and resembles that of an army foraging in secret" (Travels in Egypt and Syria, vol. i. pp. 283, 284).

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

4480. rheda hred'-ah of Latin origin; a rheda, i.e. four-wheeled carriage (wagon for riding):--chariot.

and of horses and of chariots/carriages/wagons<4480> and of bodies and souls of men.

In the Torah they used a camel to transport their products to sell. Today the silk road is 7,000 miles long. The letter gimel (G) represents a camel. The letter zayin (Z) represents a weapon. In the ancient hebrew language.

Good info.
Silk is used in Revelation 18......Interesting

Pro 31:22
Ornamental coverings she hath made for herself, Silk and purple are her clothing.

Eze 16:
10
“I clothed you in embroidered cloth and gave you sandals of badger skin; I clothed you with fine linen and covered you with silk.
13
“Thus you were adorned with gold and silver, and your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidered cloth. You ate pastry of fine flour, honey, and oil. You were exceedingly beautiful, and succeeded to royalty.

Rev 18:12

“merchandise of gold and silver, precious stones and pearls, fine linen and purple, silk and scarlet, every kind of citron wood, every kind of object of ivory, every kind of object of most precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;

Silk Road

The Silk Road primarily refers to the land routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe. The Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk carried out along its length, beginning in the Han dynasty in China (207 BCE–220 CE).

Goods Traded via the silk road
While many different kinds of merchandise traveled along the Silk Road, the name comes from the popularity of Chinese silk with the west, especially with Rome. The Silk Road routes stretched from China through India, Asia Minor, up throughout Mesopotamia, to Egypt, the African continent, Greece, Rome, and Britain.

The northern Mesopotamian region (present-day Iran) became China’s closest partner in trade, as part of the Parthian Empire, initiating important cultural exchanges. Paper, which had been invented by the Chinese during the Han Dynasty, and gunpowder, also a Chinese invention, had a much greater impact on culture than did silk. The rich spices of the east, also, contributed more than the fashion which grew up from the silk industry. Even so, by the time of the Roman Emperor Augustus (r.27 BCE – 14 CE) trade between China and the west was firmly established and silk was the most sought-after commodity in Egypt, Greece, and, especially, in Rome.

From West to East these goods included:

• Horses
• Saddles and Riding Tack
• The grapevine and grapes
• Dogs and other animals both exotic and domestic
• Animal furs and skins
• Honey
• Fruits
• Glassware
• Woolen blankets, rugs, carpets
• Textiles (such as curtains)
• Gold and Silver
• Camels
• Slaves
• Weapons and armor

From East to West the goods included:

• Silk
• Tea
• Dyes
• Precious Stones
• China (plates, bowls, cups, vases)
• Porcelain
• Spices (such as cinnamon and ginger)
• Bronze and gold artifacts
• Medicine
• Perfumes
• Ivory
• Rice
• Paper
• Gunpowder

====================
A Roman carriage. Notice how the horses pull from their neck (photo from and article by Ignacio González Tascón in the catalog (page 122) of an exhibition called ARTIFEX: Ingeniería Romana en España which took place at the Museo Arqueológico of Madrid from March to June 2002.

A trip from Rome to Cadiz in southern Spain took two or two and a half months, though Julius Caesar, riding in a coach and using the efficient army network of roads and mansiones (places for the military to rest and change horses) once made the trip in 28 days. They say he wrote much of his Gallic Wars in carriages on his way to army camps. Caesar didn’t waste time.

Here is a map of the main roads of the Roman Empire in AD125. Most were there long before the Romans came along.