Selene03
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Christ established Peter and only Peter as the Leader of the Apostles, and the keys He gave to him symbolized that authority. Being the Leader of the Apostles, the rest of the other Apostles were supposed to follow Peter's leadership.I respect the view you state, and the foundations on which you make the claim you do, however ...
The matter of authority on the Church perhaps needs to be understood in terms of another passage:I understand the exegesis on which you base this argument, however I don't think it is the only way to understand the text, and it would be ingracious not to understand that there other ways to understand the text.
- The Church was founded by Christ upon Peter.
My understanding of the text is that this has to do with the forgiveness of sins, and that on a wider canvas our thinking on this should matter should also take into account the Lord's Prayer.
- Christ gave only Peter the keys to the kingdom of Heaven.
I think this is a matter where I struggle a little, in that I feel you have stepped beyond the clear understanding of the text, and for example, it seems that in Acts 15 James seems to have been acting as a leader of the Apostles. There is nowhere in Scripture where we see Peter speaking in a way that could not be questioned, or even disagreed with.
- Christ established Peter as the leader of the Apostles and told Peter three times to take care of the entire flock.
This is by no means clear in Scripture.
- Because Christ established Peter as the leader, the rest of the Apostles were supposed to follow Peter's leadership.
The sense of apostolic succession is not one which I will argue against. However it most surely applies to the Patriarchs of Antioch as much as to Rome.
- This is also true with the successors of Peter.
The keys do not have a physical reality, but I am not arguing with the transmission of the apostolic command to declare the forgiveness of sins.
- The key given to Peter by Christ was handed down to His successors.
Matthew 20:25-28
But Jesus called them to him and said, ‘You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones are tyrants over them. It will not be so among you; but whoever wishes to be great among you must be your servant, and whoever wishes to be first among you must be your slave; just as the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many.’
1. Matthew 16:18 (RSV) And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church; and the powers of death shall not prevail against it. The rock (Greek, petra) is St. Peter himself, not his faith. Jesus is the Architect who “builds.” Today, the overwhelming consensus of biblical commentators of all stripes favors this traditional Catholic understanding. St. Peter is the foundation-stone of the Church, making him head and superior of the family, but not founder of the Church; administrator, but not Lord of the Church.
2. Peter alone received the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, which symbolized authority. The “power of the keys” (according to many Bible commentators) has to do with ecclesiastical discipline and administrative authority with regard to the requirements of the faith, as in Isaiah 22:22 (cf. Is 9:6; Job 12:14; Rev 3:7). This entails the use of excommunication, absolution, imposition of penances and legislative powers. In the Old Testament a steward, or prime minister is a man who is “over a house” (Gen 41:40; 43:19; 44:4; 1 Ki 4:6; 16:9; 18:3; 2 Ki 10:5; 15:5; 18:18; Is 22:15, 20-21).
3. Matthew 16:19 . . . whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. “Binding” and “loosing” were originally technical rabbinical terms, which meant to “forbid” and “permit” with reference to the interpretation of the law, and secondarily to “condemn” or “acquit.” Thus, St. Peter (and by logical extension, future popes) is given the authority to determine binding rules for the Church's doctrine and life. “Binding and loosing” represent the legislative and judicial powers of the papacy and the bishops (Mt 18:17-18; Jn 20:23), and the power to absolve. St. Peter, however, is the only apostle who receives these powers by name and in a singular sense, making him pre-eminent.
4. St. Peter's was always first whenever the 12 Apostles were listed in the Bible(Mt 10:2; Mk 3:16; Lk 6:14; Acts 1:13). Matthew even calls him the “first” (10:2). Judas Iscariot is invariably mentioned last. This means something.
5. Peter always acted as the spokesman for the Apostles (Matthew 15:15, 17:23, 18:21; Mark 10:28 and John 6:69).
6. It was on Peter's boat whom Christ preached to the crowd, and that was not a coincidence that He chose Peter's boat, Christ teaches from Peter's boat, and a miraculous catch of fish follows (Lk 5:1-11): perhaps a metaphor for the pope as a “fisher of men” (cf. Mt 4:19).
7. John was the first person to reach the tomb of Christ, but he didn't enter it. He waited for Peter out of respect because Peter was the leader. Thus, Peter was the first apostle to enter the empty tomb of the risen Jesus (Jn 20:6).
8. Peter alone among the apostles is mentioned by name as having been prayed for by Jesus Christ in order that his “faith may not fail” (Lk 22:32).
9. Peter alone among the apostles is exhorted by Jesus to “strengthen” the Christian “brethren” (Lk 22:32).
10. Jesus paid the temple tax only for Himself and for Peter. (Matthew 17:24-27)
11. After Christ's ascension, it was Peter who made the decision to replace Judas Iscariot (Acts 1:15-23)
12. St. Peter was the first to speak after Pentecost, and to “preach the gospel” (Acts 2:14-36).
13. Peter is regarded by Jesus as the Chief Shepherd after Himself (Jn 21:15-17: “Feed my lambs . . . Tend my sheep . . . feed my sheep.”), singularly by name, and over the universal Church, even though others have a similar but subordinate role (Acts 20:28; 1 Pet 5:1-2).
14, Peter works the first miracle, healing a lame man (Acts 3:6-12).
15. Peter was the first traveling missionary, and the first to exercise the “visitation of the churches” (Acts 9:32-38, 43). Paul's missionary journeys begin in Acts 13:2.
16. Peter was the first to receive the Gentiles into the fellowship of the Catholic Church, after a revelation from God (Acts 10:9-48).
17. At the Council of Jerusalem, it was Peter who presided over and is pre-eminent in the first Church-wide council of Christianity (Acts 15:7-11). Peter spoke FIRST and then James spoke AFTER Peter. James agreed with Peter.
18. St. Peter's name is mentioned more often than all the other disciples put together: 191 times (162 as Peter or Simon Peter, 23 as Simon, and 6 as Cephas). John is next in frequency with only 48 appearances.
The matter of authority on the Church perhaps needs to be understood in terms of another passage:
Matthew 20:25-28 But Jesus called them to him and said, ‘You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones are tyrants over them. It will not be so among you; but whoever wishes to be great among you must be your servant, and whoever wishes to be first among you must be your slave; just as the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many.’
This is why there was a schism. Christ already designated a leader, but the other Church Patriarchs don't want to recognize that leader. They want to be leaders themselves.
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