I want you to imagine that a newly created country has been set up in a remote area, we’ll call it “Newville”. About 50,000 people live in Newville. The area is remote, but it has all the things people need to make a life and living for themselves.
People come together and elect a government, create a Constitution and establish laws, courts and a police force. As it so happens, the laws are very similar to those here in the US.
There are lots of things to build, people need food, shelter, energy, clothes. The city needs infrastructure, water roads ect…
Problem is, the new government has no money, but already there are lots of things to be paid for….
Today, you’ve been placed in charge of the creation of new money and the collection of taxes. The only stipulation is that you can only collect tax dollars created by the Newville government (of which you are the treasurer so you create money) and every single dollar you create, you have to mark down as a “debt” in a leger.
So if you create a dollar, Newville “owes” $1. So for every positive $1, there is a -$1 liability.
On the very first day you realize you’re going to need lots of money to get the economy started, but you can’t tax it because the only thing you can tax, dollars, don’t exist yet because you haven’t created any.
So you head to your highly secure office that has the government’s printing press. You print up $100,000 and you deposit it in the Newville Central bank into the Newville government’s account. Now the Newville Congress has money to spend on the projects it votes on. At the same time, you announce that Newville is $100,000 in debt.
The citizens in Newville stop and consider the fact that you are simply creating money with a printer. They start to ask why they should accept the paper you’ve printed dollars on as money. You remind them that you have the power to impose taxes on everyone. Shortly after you announce that everyone will be expected to pay some level of tax. You have the authority of the government, backed by the courts and enforced by the police and other authorities. Now you have created demand for the currency you've created by imposing taxes. Everyone needs the money you create in order to meet their legal obligation to pay taxes. When you collect taxes you use them to mark down the “debt” in your leger. When you need more money, you simply create it.
The President of Newville announces that he will spend money provisioned to him by the Newville Congress to build roads, buildings, schools, police stations, hospitals, water and sewer, bridges and lots of other things.
Once the dollars start to circulate, people start creating other jobs to do for one another, not just the government.
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I’ve tried to create something that is a very simple but reasonable copy of how the US government works.
For example;
The treasury (that’s you in this example) creates the money and deposits it in Newvillie’s Central Bank. (The US Central Bank is the Federal Reserve (the Fed). It is the government’s bank and it is a bank for other banks. For now, I’m not going to go into a lot of detail on the Fed.)
The Congress makes the laws and creates the budget and designates where money will be spent.
The President is responsible to carry out the spending given to him.
The government creates money out of thin air and it creates a debt equal to the creation of that money.
Everyone that earns money must pay some of that money to the government in taxes.
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Getting back to my hypothetical, let’s think about what’s happening here and how this hypothetical parallels the US government.
The single most important lesson I can share with any of you is the hardest one to accept. It is the fact that in the case of Newville and the US government, when it collects taxes, that money isn’t used to pay for things like we've been lead to believe. Taxes simply offset debt.
“What??” You say, as you second guess agreeing to read any of this…..
Yes, let’s see if I can explain.
The government creates money, why would it need to collect its own money, money it can create in order to spend more?
Now in this hypothetical, you create the money and you keep track of it in a leger. At last count you had created $100,000 so that means that the government of Newville is in debt $100,000.
Now you are the Treasurer and you represent government. When you spend it, you are spending it into the “non-government” sector, in this case everyday people.
So for every $1 the government goes into debt, the non-government gains a $1. Another way to say non-government is the “private sector”. Government is the “public sector”, but for now I’ll just use non-/government.
If that is true, then for every $1 the government taxes the non-government loses $1
If the government’s debt is paid with taxes, if you paid off the entire debt you would have to literally take away ALL the dollars held by the non-government sector. This is true in Newville and it’s true in the US.
The single most important thing you can understand here is:
When the government creates debt, the non-government sector increases its assets. Translation - When the government creates debt, everyone else gains money. This is because when the government spends money, most of that money is earned by everyday people, the non-government sector.
So when the government decreases debt it does so by decreasing the assets of the non-government (again, that’s you and me). Translation – The government decreases debt by collecting dollars. The only way the government collects dollars in though taxes. To pay down debt the government must take away your money via higher taxes.
For this reason, all US dollars are just coupons to pay taxes!!! That’s it. We think of those coupons as money and we use them, exchange them buy things with them and sell things for them. We also save them in savings accounts and investments. At the end of the day, all dollars exist because the government hasn’t taxed them back yet. The US debt, just like the Newville debt, is just a record of all the dollars created in the economy.
Now this has been very long, and if you’ve read this far, I thank you and hope that it’s helped.
There are lots of other things to cover, like inflation, interest on the debt, the Federal Reserve, the trade deficit, securities (bonds), and anything else you want to know I’ll do my best to answer." (Chris Brown)