Oooh, liturgical colors, one of my favorite topics, after vestments & paraments!
The answer, of course, is "It depends!" - in true Anglican fashion! To generalize, the more "high church" , the more liturgical colors you'll see.
Green is traditional for Ordinary Times, it's the color of growth.
White and gold are sometimes used for Christmas Eve or Christmas day, Easter Day, as well as weddings, baptisms, and various Holy Days. They symbolize purity and joy.
Violet is traditional for Lent and Advent. It symbolizes the sovereignty of Christ and repentence from sin. Of course, some churches have chosen to use grey or light brown during Lent, instead.
Red is for Pentecost, it symbolizes blood and fire. It is also often used during Holy Week (last week of Lent).
Black, symbolizing death, is sometimes used for funerals (sometimes white is used, instead) and on Good Friday.
Blue is often used to honor the Virgin Mary. You'll sometimes see blue used during Advent.
Rose Pink is sometimes used on the 3rd Sunday of Advent, to honor the Virgin Mary, and sometimes on other Marian days.
You'll see green, white, red, and violet just about everywhere, some parishes will add in rose/pink and gold.
Additionally, white is traditional for commemorating saints who died of natural causes, while red is used for those who were martyred.
Hope I haven't confused you!