After having perused this thread from beginning to end, it never ceases to amaze me concerning how such a wide variety of interpretations occur, some very heretical/heterodox.
The other thing is that almost all but one other demonstrated in a very wonderful fashion the lack of proof of the premise of this OP/thread. He even admits he has no proof or Scriptural evidence but it is just a theory of his & his speculation. I appreciate his honesty. I suspect he was hoping to find others with some definite proofs & a Scriptural basis for what is the truth as found in Scripture. I hope to give some that is Scriptural & factual.
Scripture should be interpreted in the normal literal narrative & historical & grammatical fashion unless Scripture says otherwise. And that understanding must pay close attention to the context for the actual use of words, both immediate & throughout Scripture. The audience being spoken to & their normal understanding at that time is also an important issue.
Scripture begins with truths & going through the Bible these truths are often progressive in their revelation & the fulfillment of prophecy reveals more. Some things are hidden in the OT but revealed in the NT.
Most people on here show some acknowledgement of these things. But it became evident that a number of people do not know the Scriptures nor the power of God nor are Spirit illumined to understand God's revelation.
We all are human at times & our understanding changes as we mature in Christ & learn how to walk in the Spirit & have our faculties TRAINED TO DISCERN WHAT IS GOOD & WHAT IS EVIL & TO DISCERN THE DECEPTIVE SPIRITS.
Our background in how we are taught the Scriptures and/or traditions tends to influence our thinking. So that being said, I am going to attempt by the grace of God & an examination of Scripture as well as pertinent comments from others in this thread & comments from the ancient Christians as to what is the Scriptural truth as Christians have known it to be & to 'stand for the faith once for all delivered to the saints.'
The first simple truth that has been taught by the apostles & prophets & Jesus is that Jesus is both a man, an actual human being that walked on this earth & got tired & was thirsty & hungry, etc.--& that Jesus is also God--the 2nd Person of the Trinity/Godhead. Both are true according to Scripture & the ancient teachings of Christianity passed down to us from of old.
The Son of God's divinity is from eternity, before creation. (John 1:1-18; 17:5; Prov 30:1-4; etc.)
Christ's humanity had an origin when He fulfilled the many prophecies predicting His incarnation. (Gal 4:4,5; Micah 5:2; Is 9:6; Isaiah 53, etc.)
The whole of salvation depends on both of these being true.
Daniel prophesied of the timing of it & that is why many in Israel looked for this promised 'Anointed One' called the Son of Man--at the time Jesus was physically born as a baby human being. The Magi from the East had also ascertained the timing as well & came to worship this 'King.' No wonder there was such anticipation!
He also was fulfilling the predictions of Moses concerning 'the Prophet' that would come. People got excited about this, too.
He was also fulfilling the prophecies concerning the Messiah, a physical descendant of the Jewish king David, who would suffer for the sins of the world & who would also have a kingdom He would reign over, a kingdom without end.
Some thought John the Baptist was one or more of these & who was He pointing to as the fulfillment of his preaching & message? They soon found out.
I think most people writing in this thread have no problem seeing Jesus as Divine, as having the same nature & essence that is unique only to the one true living God. Most believe the Scriptures teach God is Triune, three distinct Persons sharing the same one nature that is uniquely true of the one living God of Scripture.
There have been some heterodox thoughts concerning this foundational teaching of Christianity in this thread, some that others have pointed out, including Gnosticism, oneness theology, Valentinianism, monophysitism.
I will not dwell much on this for the above reasons. What I will seek to focus on is the humanity of the person Jesus the Christ, which is where most of the differences are.
A quick one to deal with is whether Mary was a surrogate mother only with no DNA being transmitted vs an actual physical mother of the physical human being named Jesus.
To do this we need to define what surrogacy is & the history of it & see if it applies to Mary.
https://surrogate.com/about-surrogacy/surrogacy-101/history-of-surrogacy/
This website gives a good summary. I went to various other ones but this gave more historical detail. If you read through it, you will see the typical appeal to the earliest one being in the Bible with Abraham, Sarah & Hagar. I will examine that to see if it is indeed an actual example or not. It appears Ishmael was born around 1860BC.
The next one mentioned is a huge jump all the way to 1884AD. Then there is another big jump to the 1970's. Then another to 1984-86. The last statistical one between 2004-2008 in this article showed about 5000 children were born via surrogacy.
Wow. Eyeopening huh? Surrogacy is NOT the normal method of having children all down through history until the present. Let's do a quick check on the number of babies born JUST in the USA during 2004-2008 the years when 5000 surrogate babies were born.
Births in the U.S. 1990-2017 | Statistic
21.09 million babies born & only 5000 by surrogacy. You figure out what percent that is compared to all the babies conceived & born in the natural way. Miniscule is a word that comes to mind. I didn't even do the whole world population!
Second, surrogacy is something mankind does & chooses. God since the beginning designed marriage of one man & one woman for life & that they would be fruitful & multiply & fill the earth (Gen 1:26-28). Mankind has been doing that ever since that first marriage of Adam & Eve. God desires godly offspring (seed) from that physical union of the two BECOMING one flesh. (Malachi 2:13-15). That command, covenant & pattern of (leave, cleave, one flesh, covenant) God hasn't changed. That is the way God designed it but man chooses their own devices, as we see the sad state of relationships in the world today.
OK. In my opinion, was the first Biblical example given above an example of surrogacy? I don't believe it is for the following reasons, based on examining Scripture. You will have to decide for yourself.
When Abraham was 75 years old, God first promised Him a son, a descendant & a nation from his own body & a promised land, in the Abrahamic covenant (land, seed, blessing). It becomes more progressive in revelation as time goes on, even into the NT where Paul explains it in revealed detail. Here is where it started & was first promised. (Gen 11:10-12:9)
God told him to leave Haran & go to a land He would show him (Canaan) & he obeyed. Abram had 2 brothers, Haran & Nahor & Haran begot Lot then died. Abram & Nahor took wives. Gen 11:30 states Sarai was barren & had no children.
After traveling in the land of Canaan, Abram & Sarai go to Egypt where God sends plagues to Pharaoh because he took Sarai, thinking she was Abram's sister not his wife. When it was discovered, he sent them away & they went back to Canaan. He & Lot parted ways. The LORD then reiterated the covenant again in Gen 13, adding a few more details. Abram settles at Mamre in Hebron. Then he rescues his nephew Lot in a kings' war & meets Melchizedek.
God tells Abram He is his shield & exceeding great reward! Abraham laments he has no child. God says one FROM HIS OWN BODY will be his heir. When God showed him the stars & said so shall your descendants be, it is here that Abram believes in YaHWeH & God imputes (accounts iit) to him the righteousness of God. Again God reminds Abram of the covenant of land, seed, nation & blessing.
We arrive at Genesis 16. They have lived for a second time in the land of Canaan for 10 years, after first marrying in Ur of the Chaldeans. Then it was living for awhile in Haran. Then in Canaan the first time, then in Egypt. Then in the South & rescuing Lot.
And now it says Sarai still had borne him no children. Decades have gone by. They are getting up in years now. Abram is 85 & Sarai is 75. The promises have been made but no definite time for fulfillment has been told them. Year after year they wait & now they are approaching the time of physically not being able to bear children. You can imagine the heartache for his wife, wanting her own children all these years. None. Empty womb.
She then says that God is the One preventing her from having children. There seems to be little hope so Sarai takes things into her own hands. She asks Abram to please go into her maid. She reasons that PERHAPS I WILL OBTAIN CHILDREN THROUGH HER.
"In the Hebrew it literally means: '"I shall be builded by her," אבנה 'ı̂bāneh, built as the foundation of a house, by the addition of sons or daughters (בנים bānı̂ym or בנית bānôt). She thought she had or wished to have a share in the promise, if not by herself personally, yet through her maid. The faith of Sarah had not yet come fully to the birth. Abram yields to the suggestion of his wife, and complies with the custom of the country. Ten years had elapsed since they had entered the land they were to inherit. Impatience at the long delay leads to an invention of their own for obtaining an heir." Albert Barnes (Notes on the Bible)
And Abraham heeds the voice of Sarai. However, Hagar isn't a surrogate having a baby for Sarai. Why? It is because Sarai gives Hagar to be Abraham's WIFE! Now he has two wives!
As his wife Abram goes into her & she conceives & becomes pregnant. Then the perhaps falls all apart. Hagar despises Sarai. She is younger, Sarai beyond childbearing. She comes to regard as Sarai as unworthy of her notice or consideration. It turns to feeling contempt & a deep repugnance for her, being insolent & insulting, probably scorning her attempts to help & becoming rebellious & refusing to follow her instructions (this becomes apparent in 16:9).
She has now been elevated in status as Abram's wife, deserving of the rights & recognition as much as Sarai & not just being a slave anymore. She probably now sees herself & her son as heirs to Abram's vast possessions.
The word for wife for both of them is the same word for wife that Adam uses for Eve, literally meaning woman (womb man, Ishah)
It is unbearable for Sarai so she makes life unbearable for the pregnant Hagar, treating her in a harsh manner. The Hebrew word brings out the meaning as humiliating another, looking down on them & browbeating them, to bring affliction & hurt to them. This now becomes unbearable to Hagar & she runs away.
What is insightful is what Sarai says: "My WRONG be upon you, Abram! (16:5) Now Sarai is blaming Abraham for her troubles.
"The injury done to me by Hagar, who thus wickedly requites my kindness to her, be upon you. i.e. is to be imputed to you; you are the cause of it, because you did not maintain my reputation & repress her arrogance toward me." Matthew Poole
This seems to be the language of passionate irritation, indicating regret of her previous action & a desire to both impute its guilt to, & lay its bitter consequences on, her husband. Jealousy may have entered here, too. She was being wronged & something needed to be done. God was going to judge between the two of them, as to who was in the right.
It appears neither of them were in the right on this one, not trusting the promises of God & waiting. Instead they presumed to take matters into their own hands & now there was chaos & strife in the family.
God goes & finds Hagar after she ran. Apparently Hagar had been praying concerning her affliction & the LORD heard it & told her to name her son with a name meaning that: Ishmael. (16:11)
Again meditate on WHAT God said to her: Hagar, Sarai's MAID--He again shows her what her position is, to return to her mistress & submit yourself to her authority.
But with that difficult decision, two things give her hope: God promises to her that through her son Ishmael, SHE WILL HAVE MULTIPLIED DESCENDANTS, TOO MANY TO COUNT. This wasn't tied into the promise to Abraham but was promised to her.
Second, she has SEEN THE GOD WHO SEES HER! Now she had something to live for & to look forward, knowing the difficulty it would be to go back. With God's trials are His wonderfully great & precious promises!
Sarai now appears to regret what she did & the hope of being built by Hagar appears dashed. She apparently feels vindicated now, with Hagar once again submitting to her authority. Ishmael is born & it appears as I said before that Hagar is raising Ishmael, not Sarai. Ishmael is not dwelling in Sarai & Abram's tent. (Gen 18)
In Genesis 17 we see that 13years have passed. God now reminds Abraham again of His covenant with him & tells him to walk blamelessly before Him. God has seen a change in the past 13 years. He changes the names of Abram to Abraham & Sarai to Sarah. He promises to be with the descendants & to be their God.
God then institutes circumcision as a 'sign' of this covenant. Then God specifically says He will give Abraham a son by Sarah! Abraham has to laugh at this one, thinking they are too old for child bearing. Just as he said about Eliezer of Damascus, so now he says of Ishmael. God says no about Ishmael & reiterates that Sarah will BEAR you a son & to call His name Isaac ('laughter') & the covenant will be established with him as the heir.
God delivers Lot from Sodom & Gomorrah, hearing Abraham's plea's. Then they move to Gerar & King Abimelek took Sarah, when both stated they were sister & brother. God again protects Sarah, watching over her. Abraham prays for healing & opening wombs again (God closed them) & all begin bearing children. It seems they have learned their lesson the second time. And now God opens Sarah's womb! What a mighty God we serve! I am reminded of James 5:7-11 of patiently enduring like the farmer, the prophets & Job. We see God's purpose in sufferings, that He is indeed gracious & merciful.
I will end with Genesis 21 where Hagar & Ishmael are sent away because Ishmael begins mocking Isaac. Sarah steps in right away & tells Abraham to throw them out. She did not want to see this happen again in the family. (see NT Gal 4:21-31 for an allegory of this concerning the two covenants).
He is very displeased with her decision but God intervenes & tells Abraham to listen to Sarah as the promise was to be through Isaac not Ishmael. Yet a nation would be promised to Ishmael because he was the physical offspring of Abraham. I will finish my reasons for why Hagar is not a surrogate. I gave various reasons above and now in Sarah's final words:
Gen 21:10 So she said to Abraham, “Cast out this slave woman with her son, for the son of this slave woman shall not be heir with my son Isaac.”
Ishmael had truly never been her son; he was Hagar's son. Since she was a wife of Abraham's, he was not going to be Sarah's son nor would Hagar build a foundational house for Sarah through Hagar's offspring. Sarah had finally understood God's covenantal promises to be to her & Abraham, when God gave them a son of promise, a miracle child when they were beyond child bearing years. God stated it was through Isaac that their descendants would be named.
And she prophetically stated what the Apostle Paul reiterates in an allegorical fashion concerning faith in Christ. Paul makes an astute point that is so true today: "At that time, however, the son born by the flesh persecuted the son born by the Spirit. It is the same now.