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Jerusalem will be trampled on by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
Most Bible Scholars view Luke 21 as fulfilled in the 1st century.
Most partial preterists, including me, view that as fulfilled on 1st century Jerusalem as shown in Luke and Revelation........Futurists, Dispensationalists and some partial preterists view it as still future.....
Statement of Purpose - Eschatology Forum Statement of Purpose
Partial Preterism:
Partial preterism holds that most eschatological prophecies, such as the destruction of Jerusalem, the Antichrists, the Great Tribulation, and the advent of the Day of the Lord as a "judgment-coming" of Christ, were fulfilled either in AD 70 or during the persecution of Christians under the Emperor Nero. The Second coming and the resurrection of the dead, however, have not yet occurred in the partial preterist system.
==========================================
Strong's Concordance with Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 3961: πατέω
πατέω, πάτω; future πατήσω; passive, present participle πατουμενος; 1 aorist ἐπατήθην; from Pindar, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Plato down; the Sept. for דָּרַך, etc.; to tread, i. e.,
a. to trample, crush with the feet: τήν ληνόν, Revelation 14:20; Revelation 19:15 (Judges 9:27; Nehemiah 13:15; Jeremiah 31:33 (Jeremiah 48:33); Lamentations 1:15).
b. to advance by setting foot upon, tread upon: ἐπάνω ὄφεων καί σκορπίων καί ἐπί πᾶσαν τήν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ, to encounter successfully the greatest perils from the machinations and persecutions with which Satan would fain thwart the preaching of the gospel, Luke 10:19 (cf. Psalms 90:13 (Psalms 91:13)).
c. to tread underfoot, trample on, i. e. treat with insult and contempt: to desecrate the holy city by devastation and outrage, Luke 21:24; Revelation 11:2 (from Daniel 8:13); see καταπατέω. (Compare: καταπατέω, περιπατέω, ἐμπεριπατέω
================================
Let's look at where the Greek word #3961 is used in the NT.
Behold! it is used in the 70ad Temple/City discourse of Luke and Revelation
G3961 πατέω (pateō) which occurs 5 times in 5 verses
Luke 10:19 Behold! I give to you the authority to tread<3961> upon serpents and scorpions, and on all the power of the enemy, and nothing by any means shall hurt you;
Captivity and sword Luke 21:24 Revelation 13:10
Luke 21:
20 “But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near.
24 “And they will fall by the edge of the sword, and be led away captive into all nations. [Revelation 13:10]
And Jerusalem will be trampled<3961> by Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.” [Revelation 11:2]
Revelation 11:
1 And was given to me a reed like-as rod saying "rouse! and measure! the Sanctuary of the God and the Altar and those worshiping in it
2 and the Court/fold<833> without of the Sanctuary, be Casting-Out!<1544> out-side, and no it thou should be measuring, that it was given to the Nations
and they shall be trampling<3961> the holy City forty two months.
Revelation 14:20 And the winepress was trampled<3961> outside the City,
and blood came out of the winepress, up to the horses’ bridles, for one thousand six hundred furlongs.
Revelation 19:15
and out of his mouth doth proceed a sharp sword, that with it he may smite the nations,
and He shall be shepherding them with a rod of iron,
and He doth tread<3691> the press of the wine of the wrath and the fury of God the Almighty,
Visual Timeline of the Roman-Jewish War ARTchive
"..probably the greatest single slaughter in ancient history."
ROMAN SIEGE AND SACK OF JERUSALEM
The Fall of Jerusalem and the future of the Jews | Partial Preterism |
Summary:
The fall of Jerusalem together with the destruction of most of the people and of the temple in AD 70 is a limited although dreadful judgement upon the people of Jerusalem. It is limited in time to the generation of Jesus day and it was limited to the area of Judea. It came because of the Jews consistent rejection of the prophets who died in Jerusalem and in particular their rejection of Jesus who was crucified just outside Jerusalem. Not only the leaders but also the people themselves called for the crucifixion of Jesus, preferring to have Caesar as their king and the murderer Barabbas released instead of Jesus. In fact both Jews and Gentiles were implicated in the death of Christ. The Jews represented by the high priest and the Gentiles represented by the Roman governor Pilate, who ordered the execution, and the Roman soldiers who carried it out. After the resurrection and Pentecost the Jews continued to persecute Christians and to reject the gospel and so in the end the gospel was preached to the Gentiles who accepted it and inherited all the benefits promised to Abraham's offspring. And God fulfilled his promise to Abraham that 'Through your offspring all peoples on earth will be blessed.' Gen 22:18, Acts 3:25 A great persecution of Christians by Jews arose in Jerusalem so that Christians fled Jerusalem.
The destruction of Jerusalem together with the temple also served to terminate the priesthood and animal sacrifice. Thereafter the temple is the body of the believer in whom God dwells; each believer is a priest; and animal sacrifice is no longer required because it looked forward in time to the sacrifice of Jesus himself. The early church was centred on Jerusalem and the temple and was entirely composed of Jewish believers in Jesus, only later did Gentiles also became believers.
Jesus himself was the bridge between the old Jewish order and the new Christian order. Jesus was a Jew who underwent the Jewish rite of circumcision and the Christian rite of baptism. Jesus abolished the dividing wall of hostility between Jew and Gentile by making them one (Eph 2:11-20). He did this not by excluding Jews but by including Gentiles and he abolished in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations. Through Jesus we both, Jew and Gentile, have access to the Father by one Spirit. Thus Gentiles are now fellow citizens with God's people with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone. The question for Jews now is whether or not to accept Jesus as the chief cornerstone.
Conclusions:
The judgement and destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 was for that particular generation of Jews. In answer to the question - "Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery?" Paul answers "Not at all!" (Rom 11:11). Lev 26:40 indicates that even in exile, if they turn to the Lord and confess their sins and those of their fathers that God will forgive them.
The scriptures indicate that Satan will try to destroy them but that they will be preserved. Despite many attempts to eradicate the Jews from the face of the earth, as a recognisable people the Jews are still here. Jesus hints that before he returns the Jews will acknowledge him as Lord.
For those believing Jews and Gentiles, they are one new man and not two. God's method of salvation is the same for Jews and Gentiles, for everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. Jesus was a Jew and he underwent both the Jewish and Christian initiation rites of circumcision and baptism.
The early church was predominantly Jewish, but as it spread it became more and more Gentile. While the church is now almost all Gentile because the number of Gentiles exceeds the umber of Jews, Jews can be part of the church by recognising Jesus as the cornerstone.
Theologically the church is composed of believing Jews and Gentiles, there is no difference. Jesus Christ has made the two into one new man. There is no distinction between believing Israel and the church.
The Times of the Gentiles | Dan Delagrave
The times of the Gentiles has to be kept in it's proper historical context. Jesus said that "all", including the times of the Gentiles, would be fulfilled before his contemporary generation had passed.
Dispensationalists go outside the box of "this generation" in order to teach a futuristic view of Christ's coming.
To do that they have to redefine both "the times of the Gentiles" and "this generation". Needless to say, their "1948 generation" has proven to be more than just a little embarrassing.
"And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh . . . and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled." (Luke 21:20, 24)
The times of the Gentiles referred to the treading down, or desolation, of first century Jerusalem, which Jesus called "the days of vengeance". In other words, it was God's mission for the Gentiles to bring judgment upon Jerusalem. This is consistent with past judgments upon Israel, when God brought Gentiles armies into their land to desolate it.
The whole controversy centers on the duration of the treading down of Jerusalem. The Greek for "trodden" is pat-eh'-o (#3961 in Strong's Concordance), and it means "to trample down underfoot". The parallel to Lk.21:24 is seen in Revelation 11:2, which says:
"But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot (pateho) forty and two months."
Could it be any plainer? The times of the Gentiles, or treading down of Jerusalem, entailed no more than a forty two month period of time, the exact duration of the Jewish-Roman War. This is in perfect harmony with Daniel 12:7, where the defining characteristic of "the time of the end" is said to be "the scattering of the power of the holy people", which we are told would be accomplished during "a time, times, and a half", or forty two months.
Furthermore, when we consider the mountain of evidence for a pre-70 dating of Revelation, in addition to the statements of imminence in the book itself (1:1, 3; 22:6, 7, 10, 12), then the forced conclusion is that the forty two months was fulfilled in the 66-70 A.D. Jewish-Roman War.
In the ancient Near East, the ultimate image of triumph over an enemy was the positioning of the enemy "under the feet" of the conqueror. This was a literal custom in Biblical times – read Joshua 10:24; 2 Kings 7:17, 20, 9:33; Isaiah 14:19 – as well as a metaphor for dominion, conquering, possession, judgment, shame, defilement, oppression, and victory – read Deuteronomy 11:24; Judges 20:43; 1 Kings 5:3; Joshua 14:9; Psalms 18:38; 47:3; 74:21; 110:1; Lamentations 1:15; 3:34; Isaiah 14:25; 41:2; 63:6; 66:1; Jeremiah 25:30; Daniel 8:7; Joel 3:13; Amos 2:6-7; 4:13; Micah 1:3; 5:5-6; Malachi 4:3; Matthew 7:6; Mark 12:36; Luke 20:43; Acts 2:35; Romans 16:20; I Corinthians 15:25; Ephesians 1:22; Hebrews 1:13; 2:8; 10:13; Revelation 19:15. The Greek word for "tread" in Revelation 11:2 is the same word Luke used for "trodden" (pat-eh'-o) in Luke 21:24.
Jerusalem's first century desolation represented the time when Christ put his enemies – read I Thessalonians 2:15-16 – under his feet. This was accomplished during a forty two month period which Jesus called "the times of the Gentiles".
====================================
WARS AND RUMORS OF WARS 1ST CENTURY ISRAEL, JUDEA AND JERUSALEM
Matthew 24:
6 “And you will hear of wars and rumors of wars. See that you are not troubled; for all these things must come to pass,
but the end<5056> is not yet.
==
Visual Timeline of the Roman-Jewish War ARTchive
CHRONOLOGY IMMEDIATELY SURROUNDING THE WAR
Stage 1: Murder of James the Just, "Opposition High Priest" ; Irrevocable Split: 62
Stage 2: General Revolt in Jerusalem ; Zealot Occupation of Masada: August-September 66
Stage 3: The Campaign of Cestius Gallus and the Defeat of the Twelfth Legion: October-November 66
Stage 4: End of Collaborative Government, Priesthood ; General Flight: November 66 - March 67
Part 6: Vespasian Subdues Northern and Western Palestine: December 66 - December 68
Part 7: Three-way Power Struggle within Jerusalem After Roman Retreat: January 68 - May 70
Part 8: Romans Breach City Walls and Leave Jerusalem Desolate: May 10 - September 10, 70
Most Bible Scholars view Luke 21 as fulfilled in the 1st century.
Most partial preterists, including me, view that as fulfilled on 1st century Jerusalem as shown in Luke and Revelation........Futurists, Dispensationalists and some partial preterists view it as still future.....
Statement of Purpose - Eschatology Forum Statement of Purpose
Partial Preterism:
Partial preterism holds that most eschatological prophecies, such as the destruction of Jerusalem, the Antichrists, the Great Tribulation, and the advent of the Day of the Lord as a "judgment-coming" of Christ, were fulfilled either in AD 70 or during the persecution of Christians under the Emperor Nero. The Second coming and the resurrection of the dead, however, have not yet occurred in the partial preterist system.
==========================================
Strong's Concordance with Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 3961: πατέω
πατέω, πάτω; future πατήσω; passive, present participle πατουμενος; 1 aorist ἐπατήθην; from Pindar, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Plato down; the Sept. for דָּרַך, etc.; to tread, i. e.,
a. to trample, crush with the feet: τήν ληνόν, Revelation 14:20; Revelation 19:15 (Judges 9:27; Nehemiah 13:15; Jeremiah 31:33 (Jeremiah 48:33); Lamentations 1:15).
b. to advance by setting foot upon, tread upon: ἐπάνω ὄφεων καί σκορπίων καί ἐπί πᾶσαν τήν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ, to encounter successfully the greatest perils from the machinations and persecutions with which Satan would fain thwart the preaching of the gospel, Luke 10:19 (cf. Psalms 90:13 (Psalms 91:13)).
c. to tread underfoot, trample on, i. e. treat with insult and contempt: to desecrate the holy city by devastation and outrage, Luke 21:24; Revelation 11:2 (from Daniel 8:13); see καταπατέω. (Compare: καταπατέω, περιπατέω, ἐμπεριπατέω
================================
Let's look at where the Greek word #3961 is used in the NT.
Behold! it is used in the 70ad Temple/City discourse of Luke and Revelation
G3961 πατέω (pateō) which occurs 5 times in 5 verses
Luke 10:19 Behold! I give to you the authority to tread<3961> upon serpents and scorpions, and on all the power of the enemy, and nothing by any means shall hurt you;
Captivity and sword Luke 21:24 Revelation 13:10
Luke 21:
20 “But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near.
24 “And they will fall by the edge of the sword, and be led away captive into all nations. [Revelation 13:10]
And Jerusalem will be trampled<3961> by Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.” [Revelation 11:2]
Revelation 11:
1 And was given to me a reed like-as rod saying "rouse! and measure! the Sanctuary of the God and the Altar and those worshiping in it
2 and the Court/fold<833> without of the Sanctuary, be Casting-Out!<1544> out-side, and no it thou should be measuring, that it was given to the Nations
and they shall be trampling<3961> the holy City forty two months.
Revelation 14:20 And the winepress was trampled<3961> outside the City,
and blood came out of the winepress, up to the horses’ bridles, for one thousand six hundred furlongs.
Revelation 19:15
and out of his mouth doth proceed a sharp sword, that with it he may smite the nations,
and He shall be shepherding them with a rod of iron,
and He doth tread<3691> the press of the wine of the wrath and the fury of God the Almighty,
Visual Timeline of the Roman-Jewish War ARTchive
"..probably the greatest single slaughter in ancient history."
ROMAN SIEGE AND SACK OF JERUSALEM
The Fall of Jerusalem and the future of the Jews | Partial Preterism |
Summary:
The fall of Jerusalem together with the destruction of most of the people and of the temple in AD 70 is a limited although dreadful judgement upon the people of Jerusalem. It is limited in time to the generation of Jesus day and it was limited to the area of Judea. It came because of the Jews consistent rejection of the prophets who died in Jerusalem and in particular their rejection of Jesus who was crucified just outside Jerusalem. Not only the leaders but also the people themselves called for the crucifixion of Jesus, preferring to have Caesar as their king and the murderer Barabbas released instead of Jesus. In fact both Jews and Gentiles were implicated in the death of Christ. The Jews represented by the high priest and the Gentiles represented by the Roman governor Pilate, who ordered the execution, and the Roman soldiers who carried it out. After the resurrection and Pentecost the Jews continued to persecute Christians and to reject the gospel and so in the end the gospel was preached to the Gentiles who accepted it and inherited all the benefits promised to Abraham's offspring. And God fulfilled his promise to Abraham that 'Through your offspring all peoples on earth will be blessed.' Gen 22:18, Acts 3:25 A great persecution of Christians by Jews arose in Jerusalem so that Christians fled Jerusalem.
The destruction of Jerusalem together with the temple also served to terminate the priesthood and animal sacrifice. Thereafter the temple is the body of the believer in whom God dwells; each believer is a priest; and animal sacrifice is no longer required because it looked forward in time to the sacrifice of Jesus himself. The early church was centred on Jerusalem and the temple and was entirely composed of Jewish believers in Jesus, only later did Gentiles also became believers.
Jesus himself was the bridge between the old Jewish order and the new Christian order. Jesus was a Jew who underwent the Jewish rite of circumcision and the Christian rite of baptism. Jesus abolished the dividing wall of hostility between Jew and Gentile by making them one (Eph 2:11-20). He did this not by excluding Jews but by including Gentiles and he abolished in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations. Through Jesus we both, Jew and Gentile, have access to the Father by one Spirit. Thus Gentiles are now fellow citizens with God's people with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone. The question for Jews now is whether or not to accept Jesus as the chief cornerstone.
Conclusions:
The judgement and destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 was for that particular generation of Jews. In answer to the question - "Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery?" Paul answers "Not at all!" (Rom 11:11). Lev 26:40 indicates that even in exile, if they turn to the Lord and confess their sins and those of their fathers that God will forgive them.
The scriptures indicate that Satan will try to destroy them but that they will be preserved. Despite many attempts to eradicate the Jews from the face of the earth, as a recognisable people the Jews are still here. Jesus hints that before he returns the Jews will acknowledge him as Lord.
For those believing Jews and Gentiles, they are one new man and not two. God's method of salvation is the same for Jews and Gentiles, for everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. Jesus was a Jew and he underwent both the Jewish and Christian initiation rites of circumcision and baptism.
The early church was predominantly Jewish, but as it spread it became more and more Gentile. While the church is now almost all Gentile because the number of Gentiles exceeds the umber of Jews, Jews can be part of the church by recognising Jesus as the cornerstone.
Theologically the church is composed of believing Jews and Gentiles, there is no difference. Jesus Christ has made the two into one new man. There is no distinction between believing Israel and the church.
The Times of the Gentiles | Dan Delagrave
The times of the Gentiles has to be kept in it's proper historical context. Jesus said that "all", including the times of the Gentiles, would be fulfilled before his contemporary generation had passed.
Dispensationalists go outside the box of "this generation" in order to teach a futuristic view of Christ's coming.
To do that they have to redefine both "the times of the Gentiles" and "this generation". Needless to say, their "1948 generation" has proven to be more than just a little embarrassing.
"And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh . . . and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled." (Luke 21:20, 24)
The times of the Gentiles referred to the treading down, or desolation, of first century Jerusalem, which Jesus called "the days of vengeance". In other words, it was God's mission for the Gentiles to bring judgment upon Jerusalem. This is consistent with past judgments upon Israel, when God brought Gentiles armies into their land to desolate it.
The whole controversy centers on the duration of the treading down of Jerusalem. The Greek for "trodden" is pat-eh'-o (#3961 in Strong's Concordance), and it means "to trample down underfoot". The parallel to Lk.21:24 is seen in Revelation 11:2, which says:
"But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot (pateho) forty and two months."
Could it be any plainer? The times of the Gentiles, or treading down of Jerusalem, entailed no more than a forty two month period of time, the exact duration of the Jewish-Roman War. This is in perfect harmony with Daniel 12:7, where the defining characteristic of "the time of the end" is said to be "the scattering of the power of the holy people", which we are told would be accomplished during "a time, times, and a half", or forty two months.
Furthermore, when we consider the mountain of evidence for a pre-70 dating of Revelation, in addition to the statements of imminence in the book itself (1:1, 3; 22:6, 7, 10, 12), then the forced conclusion is that the forty two months was fulfilled in the 66-70 A.D. Jewish-Roman War.
In the ancient Near East, the ultimate image of triumph over an enemy was the positioning of the enemy "under the feet" of the conqueror. This was a literal custom in Biblical times – read Joshua 10:24; 2 Kings 7:17, 20, 9:33; Isaiah 14:19 – as well as a metaphor for dominion, conquering, possession, judgment, shame, defilement, oppression, and victory – read Deuteronomy 11:24; Judges 20:43; 1 Kings 5:3; Joshua 14:9; Psalms 18:38; 47:3; 74:21; 110:1; Lamentations 1:15; 3:34; Isaiah 14:25; 41:2; 63:6; 66:1; Jeremiah 25:30; Daniel 8:7; Joel 3:13; Amos 2:6-7; 4:13; Micah 1:3; 5:5-6; Malachi 4:3; Matthew 7:6; Mark 12:36; Luke 20:43; Acts 2:35; Romans 16:20; I Corinthians 15:25; Ephesians 1:22; Hebrews 1:13; 2:8; 10:13; Revelation 19:15. The Greek word for "tread" in Revelation 11:2 is the same word Luke used for "trodden" (pat-eh'-o) in Luke 21:24.
Jerusalem's first century desolation represented the time when Christ put his enemies – read I Thessalonians 2:15-16 – under his feet. This was accomplished during a forty two month period which Jesus called "the times of the Gentiles".
====================================
WARS AND RUMORS OF WARS 1ST CENTURY ISRAEL, JUDEA AND JERUSALEM
Matthew 24:
6 “And you will hear of wars and rumors of wars. See that you are not troubled; for all these things must come to pass,
but the end<5056> is not yet.
==
Visual Timeline of the Roman-Jewish War ARTchive
CHRONOLOGY IMMEDIATELY SURROUNDING THE WAR
Stage 1: Murder of James the Just, "Opposition High Priest" ; Irrevocable Split: 62
Stage 2: General Revolt in Jerusalem ; Zealot Occupation of Masada: August-September 66
Stage 3: The Campaign of Cestius Gallus and the Defeat of the Twelfth Legion: October-November 66
Stage 4: End of Collaborative Government, Priesthood ; General Flight: November 66 - March 67
Part 6: Vespasian Subdues Northern and Western Palestine: December 66 - December 68
Part 7: Three-way Power Struggle within Jerusalem After Roman Retreat: January 68 - May 70
Part 8: Romans Breach City Walls and Leave Jerusalem Desolate: May 10 - September 10, 70
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