"Infused" or "Imputed"?

DeaconDean

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"Because justification is forensic in nature and a legal term, therefore justification deals with the believers standing in relation to the “Law”. So we state that justification refers not to a change in moral character, but solely to a change in legal status. Whereas we once stood condemned by the “Law” in our sinful state, the believer has now passed from a state of condemnation to one of acceptance through the obedience and fulfillment of the requirements that are received by faith alone, thus changing us to righteous and justified by imputation by an act of God

The Roman Catholic Church stands opposed to this in that they believe there is an “infusion” of grace. We do not say this harshly, for many of the great doctrines of the Bible were preserved by them. However, their doctrine concerning justification betrays its “man-centered” theology. An overview of their doctrine shows that they readily admit that there is no good in fallen man; that he can merit nothing and claim nothing on the ground of anything he is, or can do himself. He is by nature, dead in sin, and until he is made a partaker of a new life by the supernatural power of the Holy Spirit, he can do nothing but sin. For Christ’s sake, and only through His merits, as a matter of grace, this new life is “imparted” to the soul in regeneration (as they define regeneration through baptism). As life expels death; as light dispels darkness; so the entrance of this new divine life into the soul expels sin (sinful habits), and brings forth the fruits of righteousness.

Works done after regeneration have “real” merit. “Meritum condigmi”, and are the ground for a second justification; the first justification consisting in making the soul inherently just by the infusion of righteousness. Now, according to this view, we are not justified by works done before regeneration, but we are justified for gracious works, i.e.: for works which spring from the principle of divine life infused into the heart. Thus the whole ground of our acceptance with God is made to be what we are, and what we can do.

Infusion stands opposed to imputation. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines “infuse” as: 1.To cause to be permeated with something (as a principle or quality that alters usually for the better).
2.Inspire, animate.
3.To steep in liquid (as water) without baiting so as to extract soluble constituents or principles.
4.To administer or inject by infusion.

Standing opposed to this is the Greek word “ellogew” “From en logw, this means “to lay to account”, and id this a so-called “hypostasis” like “egceirein” from en ceiri”

Properly, “imputation” is an accounting term. An example of this is the statement made by the Apostle Paul in the book of Philemon. Paul says to Onesemus that if he has suffered any loss because of the runaway slave Philemon, that he should lay that “to his account”. (cf. Phlm. 18) Any debt that Onesemus accrued from the loss, that he should “charge” that to his account.

The idea being expressed here is that there is a great accounting book. In it, are all the liabilities (specifically our sins) of men on one side, and on the debit (credit) side is the righteousness of Christ. In the saving act of the cross, Christ had mans liabilities charged, laid to His account, imputed to Him. And when the repentant comes to Christ in repentance, believing by faith that He is the Son of God, crucified for their sins, risen from the dead on the third day, our liabilities, our sins, are imputed to Christ, and forgiven, then by imputation, the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us.

Salvation is by grace through faith, (cf. Eph. 2:8) of this, nearly nobody disagrees. The scriptures clearly teach that our righteousness, our justification, comes by imputation and not by infusion."

This comes from a study I did on the Baptist perspective on justification.

Forget the "justification" part.

Focus on the two words "infused" and "imputed"

I have been told I'm wrong because I support the "imputed" side of the argument.

Which is it: infused or imputed?

God Bless

Till all are one.
 

~Anastasia~

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Those are not the only two options. :)

Another consideration is that Catholics consider "grace" to be essentially a "thing" that God can give, and can be measured out, in a sense. Protestants have inherited this general understanding of grace. We (Orthodox) understand grace to be the actual energy of God, through which He interacts with humanity, so the way in which God's grace works through, in, and with us is different from an accounting or legal matter .... it involves transformation.

There are a lot of parts to this, so I don't know if folks will really be interested. But it's very easy listening, and so worthwhile that I revisit it from time to time and have listened to the series several times now. https://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/series/imputed_righteouness
 
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Dave-W

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Those are not the only two options.
Indeed. There is ALSO Prevenient Grace. John Wesley said this of it: "...the first wish to please God, the first dawn of light concerning His will, and the first slight transient conviction of having sinned against Him." (sermon #85)

http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/12/12-3/12-3-pp143-149_JETS.pdf

Wesley described 3 forms of grace:
John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist movement, described God’s grace as threefold:
  • prevenient grace
  • justifying grace
  • sanctifying grace
Prevenient Grace
Wesley understood grace as God’s active presence in our lives. This presence is not dependent on human actions or human response. It is a gift — a gift that is always available, but that can be refused.

God’s grace stirs up within us a desire to know God and empowers us to respond to God’s invitation to be in relationship with God. God’s grace enables us to discern differences between good and evil and makes it possible for us to choose good….

God takes the initiative in relating to humanity. We do not have to beg and plead for God’s love and grace. God actively seeks us!

Justifying Grace
Paul wrote to the church in Corinth: “In Christ God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them” (2 Corinthians 5:19). And in his letter to the Roman Christians, Paul wrote: “But God proves his love for us in that while we still were sinners Christ died for us” (Romans 5:8).

These verses demonstrate the justifying grace of God. They point to reconciliation, pardon, and restoration. Through the work of God in Christ our sins are forgiven, and our relationship with God is restored. According to John Wesley, founder of the Methodist movement, the image of God — which has been distorted by sin — is renewed within us through Christ’s death.

Again, this dimension of God’s grace is a gift. God’s grace alone brings us into relationship with God. There are no hoops through which we have to jump in order to please God and to be loved by God. God has acted in Jesus Christ. We need only to respond in faith.

Conversion
This process of salvation involves a change in us that we call conversion. Conversion is a turning around, leaving one orientation for another. It may be sudden and dramatic, or gradual and cumulative. But in any case, it’s a new beginning. Following Jesus’ words to Nicodemus, “You must be born anew” (John 3:7 RSV), we speak of this conversion as rebirth, new life in Christ, or regeneration.

Following Paul and Luther, John Wesley called this process justification. Justification is what happens when Christians abandon all those vain attempts to justify themselves before God, to be seen as “just” in God’s eyes through religious and moral practices. It’s a time when God’s “justifying grace” is experienced and accepted, a time of pardon and forgiveness, of new peace and joy and love. Indeed, we’re justified by God’s grace through faith.

Justification is also a time of repentance — turning away from behaviors rooted in sin and toward actions that express God’s love. In this conversion we can expect to receive assurance of our present salvation through the Holy Spirit “bearing witness with our spirit that we are children of God” (Romans 8:16).

Sanctifying Grace
Salvation is not a static, one-time event in our lives. It is the ongoing experience of God’s gracious presence transforming us into whom God intends us to be. John Wesley described this dimension of God’s grace as sanctification, or holiness.1

Through God’s sanctifying grace, we grow and mature in our ability to live as Jesus lived. As we pray, study the Scriptures, fast, worship, and share in fellowship with other Christians, we deepen our knowledge of and love for God. As we respond with compassion to human need and work for justice in our communities, we strengthen our capacity to love neighbor. Our inner thoughts and motives, as well as our outer actions and behavior, are aligned with God’s will and testify to our union with God.

We’re to press on, with God’s help, in the path of sanctification toward perfection. By perfection, Wesley did not mean that we would not make mistakes or have weaknesses. Rather, he understood it to be a continual process of being made perfect in our love of God and each other and of removing our desire to sin.
Our Wesleyan Heritage - The United Methodist Church
 
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~Anastasia~

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Indeed. There is ALSO Prevenient Grace. John Wesley said this of it: "...the first wish to please God, the first dawn of light concerning His will, and the first slight transient conviction of having sinned against Him." (sermon #85)

http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/12/12-3/12-3-pp143-149_JETS.pdf

Wesley described 3 forms of grace:

Our Wesleyan Heritage - The United Methodist Church
I think in a sense this is an opposite way of the way we would define/explain things.

Not that there are not these different stages. And it can be useful to have distinctions and ways to explain things. But overall I think it is a more Western mindset and desire to break things down and define them.

If we consider grace to be the energy of God interacting with mankind, then God doesn't change, or have different "kinds" of grace He shares. However, because man will be at different stages when they encounter Him, they will receive Him differently, and He will interact in different ways with them, so it might be seen as these different "kinds" of grace. In that way, the distinctions you mention can be useful. :)

But we would not say that. We would only say that it is the energy of God, interacting with man through different stages of man's transformation, and so it is our experience that changes, but God Himself does not change. If that makes sense.

Not being argumentative. On the surface, it's a way of speaking of things. But at the foundational level, it CAN affect how we think of God, so in that it begins to affect our assumptions it may be important. But I am replying since you replied in response particularly to my post. Not to argue, as I said. :)
 
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sdowney717

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Indeed. There is ALSO Prevenient Grace. John Wesley said this of it: "...the first wish to please God, the first dawn of light concerning His will, and the first slight transient conviction of having sinned against Him." (sermon #85)

http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/12/12-3/12-3-pp143-149_JETS.pdf

Wesley described 3 forms of grace:

Our Wesleyan Heritage - The United Methodist Church
So prevenient grace is God's first choice to give a man as a prelude to them becoming saved?
What of wicked men who never exhibit any godly inclinations, God does not choose to give them prevenient grace?

what would you call Romans 1 about God giving them over?
Certainly nothing prevenient demonstrated in them.
 
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Dave-W

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What of wicked men who never exhibit any godly inclinations, God does not choose to give them prevenient grace?
No - it means they resisted and rejected that grace.

what would you call Romans 1 about God giving them over?
Certainly nothing prevenient demonstrated in them.
No - it means that God gave up on them after their (probably repeated and vehement) rejection of His grace.
 
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sdowney717

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No - it means they resisted and rejected that grace.


No - it means that God gave up on them after their (probably repeated and vehement) rejection of His grace.
The word prevenient is a made up man added word and concept to the scriptures, in which verses is it found?

'There is ALSO Prevenient Grace. John Wesley said this of it: "...the first wish to please God, the first dawn of light concerning His will, and the first slight transient conviction of having sinned against Him." '

Following your own description of prevenient grace, as a grace God gives first and by which men display godly attributes is contrary to your saying men resisted and then God gave them over. Those in Romans 1 never wished to please God, never felt convicted of sins, so they must never have been given prevenient grace.

Romans 1 proves men love darkness and not light and do evil deeds as Christ taught.
 
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Dave-W

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The word prevenient is a made up man added word and concept to the scriptures,
And "infused," "imputed," or "imparted" are NOT "man added?"
 
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Following your own description of prevenient grace, as a grace God gives first and by which men display godly attributes is contrary to your saying men resisted and then God gave them over. Those in Romans 1 never wished to please God, never felt convicted of sins, so they must never have been given prevenient grace.
I have known people who have repeatedly resisted God's calling and pull on them. Eventually that pull stops.

They saw God's goodness and felt the conviction of sin; but wanted the sin more than God.
 
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sdowney717

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I have known people who have repeatedly resisted God's calling and pull on them. Eventually that pull stops.

They saw God's goodness and felt the conviction of sin; but wanted the sin more than God.
Your observation is simply anecdotal evidence.
an·ec·do·tal
ˌanəkˈdōdl/
adjective
  1. (of an account) not necessarily true or reliable, because based on personal accounts rather than facts or research.
    "while there was much anecdotal evidence there was little hard fact"
    • characterized by or fond of telling anecdotes.
      "her book is anecdotal and chatty"
    • (of a painting) depicting small narrative incidents.
      "nineteenth-century French anecdotal paintings"
 
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sdowney717

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To me prevenient grace would be regeneration, because unless a man is regenerated they wont be interested in spiritual truths, but will consider them foolishness.

Now here is a true saying
1 Corinthians 2:14
But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.
 
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Dave-W

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Your observation is simply anecdotal evidence.
Which has been frequently observed in evangelical churches for well over a century.

One Radio preacher (I think it was Chuck Swindoll) talked about it. He said that a congregant of his came up to him one day and said that when he preached on salvation that a year earlier the guy had to get a tight grip on the pew to keep from running forward to accept Christ, but now it was not that hard to resist the urge.

We have free will. We can resist God when He calls us.
 
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Dave-W

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To me prevenient grace would be regeneration,
Prevenient grace precedes regeneration; in fact it allows us to accept regeneration.
Now here is a true saying
1 Corinthians 2:14
But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.
And another one: "No one can come to Me unless the Father Draws him." (Jn 6.44a)

But that drawing can be resisted. The drawing is prevenient grace.

One cannot be regenerated with out repenting of sins, confessing the Lordship of Jesus and placing faith in His death and resurrection.

So how does one go from being unregenerate and considering the things of the Spirit as "foolish," to deciding to repent and believe the gospel? (after which one is regenerated) Prevenient grace.
 
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sdowney717

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Which has been frequently observed in evangelical churches for well over a century.

One Radio preacher (I think it was Chuck Swindoll) talked about it. He said that a congregant of his came up to him one day and said that when he preached on salvation that a year earlier the guy had to get a tight grip on the pew to keep from running forward to accept Christ, but now it was not that hard to resist the urge.

We have free will. We can resist God when He calls us.
Just more anecdotal evidence, drive by emotions of the natural mind.
Paul and Jude taught those that God called, God justified and saved.
Jude 1:1
[ Greeting to the Called ] Jude, a bondservant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, To those who are called, sanctified by God the Father, and preserved in Jesus Christ:

Example proven true, unsaved do not receive, they do not believe.
'But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God'
Because they are spiritually discerned, and the natural man's spirit is dead.
But they may sit in a pew and feel emotionally things. but they just sit there.
 
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sdowney717

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Another example, 'the called' receive the promise of eternal life.

Hebrews 9:15
And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.

1 Peter 5:10
But may the God of all grace, who called us to His eternal glory by Christ Jesus, after you have suffered a while, perfect, establish, strengthen, and settle you.

If you understand grammar, you must admit some are not called to be saved and glorified, but those that are called do receive eternal life.
 
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Dave-W

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Just more anecdotal evidence, drive by emotions of the natural mind.
And you are saying that "anecdotal evidence" is somehow unbiblical? The bible is full of anecdotes and parables.

Example proven true, unsaved do not receive, they do not believe.
'But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God'
Because they are spiritually discerned, and the natural man's spirit is dead.
But they may sit in a pew and feel emotionally things. but they just sit there.
So how do they get from unregenerated to regenerated?
Where do they make that choice?

Hebrews 11:6b
for he who comes to God must believe that He is and that He is a rewarder of those who seek Him.

The Philips version adds "First" to "believe that He is ..."
 
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Dave-W

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If you understand grammar, you must admit some are not called to be saved and glorified, but those that are called do receive eternal life.
That violates these passages:

2 Peter 3:9
The Lord is not slow about His promise, as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.

Acts 17:30
Therefore having overlooked the times of ignorance, God is now declaring to men that all people everywhere should repent,

All is all. If "some are not called to be saved," then all is not all.
All people is just that - no one is left out.

True statement.

Edited to add:

This sounds like you are defending that calvinistic heresy of limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5:15
and He died for all, so that they who live might no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died and rose again on their behalf.

1 Peter 3:18
For Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit;

Again - all means all, no one left out.
 
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sdowney717

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That violates these passages:

2 Peter 3:9
The Lord is not slow about His promise, as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.

Acts 17:30
Therefore having overlooked the times of ignorance, God is now declaring to men that all people everywhere should repent,

All is all. If "some are not called to be saved," then all is not all.
All people is just that - no one is left out.

True statement.

Edited to add:

This sounds like you are defending that calvinistic heresy of limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5:15
and He died for all, so that they who live might no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died and rose again on their behalf.

1 Peter 3:18
For Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit;

Again - all means all, no one left out.
You know heretics wont inherit the kingdom of God, so your judgement of heresy could fall back to yourself.

The 2 peter verse you must read in context, and the you are the elect only, not the reprobate. Do you even believe in such a thing as the reprobate of whom Peter is talking prior to the verse you quoted?

3 knowing this first: that scoffers will come in the last days, walking according to their own lusts,

7 But the heavens and the earth which are now preserved by the same word, are reserved for fire until the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.

Contrasted with these following where God is not willing for these others in the following verses to perish, so guess what, THEY WONT PERISH.

8 But, beloved, do not forget this one thing, that with the Lord one day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. 9 The Lord is not slack concerning His promise, as some count slackness, but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance.

Plainly all of God's elect, God waits for with patience to repent. But God does not wait patiently for the wicked 'reprobate' to repent.

The other thing your missing is the promise God made. And God made that promise in Issac, saying in Isaac your seed shall be the called. Lots of people miss the significance of Isaac and salvation to the called connection.
 
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