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"The Prophet Joseph Smith taught “the fundamental principles, government, and doctrine of the Church are vested in the keys of the kingdom.”2 Those keys refer to the right to preside over priesthood authority in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. Keys carry the right to preside over a local organization of the Church, such as a stake, a ward or branch, a mission or district, a priesthood quorum, or a temple. Keys are conferred by the laying on of hands by one who holds proper authority and whose authority is known to the Church.3In all the writings left to us by the Apostles themselves, and by those who also personally knew, studied under, and were ordained by the Apostles we find that the Apostles established episkopoi, presbyteroi, and diakonoi. Three "orders" for the safeguarding of the churches, in broad terms, the Apostles consecrated and left us pastors to stand in the stead of the Apostles.
At no point is there any indication that the Apostles were to establish new apostles. All of those who are called Apostles were Apostles from very nearly the beginning, if not the beginning itself. The only instance of replacing anyone occurs prior to the outpouring of the Spirit on Pentecost, where St. Matthias was chosen to replace Judas Iscariot. This is the only instance of such a thing happening. Instead we find there were a number of Apostles outside of the Twelve. The New Testament names Apollos, Silas, Barnabas, Timothy, Junia, Andronicus, and Paul himself as Apostles outside of the Twelve themselves.
When St. James the Greater (the son of Zebedee) was killed, he received no replacement. At no point was James' spot filled by another. Paul doesn't replace anyone, he was called and chosen "out of due time" for which reason he regarded himself "least of the apostles"; neither are Apollos, Silas, Barnabas (et al) ever filling any vacancies.
As the first generation of Christians began to die off, and the second generation would take their place, there is no attempt made to replace the apostles with new apostles. Instead the Apostles leave the churches in the hands of men who personally knew and were taught by the Apostles--men like Ignatius, Clement, Papias, Polycarp, etc who had sat at the feet of the Apostles and directly consecrated by them--not as Apostles, but as pastors.
So we find in the Letter of St. Clement (c. 95 AD)
"The apostles have preached the gospel to us from the Lord Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ [has done so] from God. Christ therefore was sent forth by God, and the apostles by Christ. Both these appointments, then, were made in an orderly way, according to the will of God. Having therefore received their orders, and being fully assured by the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, and established in the word of God, with full assurance of the Holy Ghost, they went forth proclaiming that the kingdom of God was at hand. And thus preaching through countries and cities, they appointed the first fruits [of their labours], having first proved them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons of those who should afterwards believe. Nor was this any new thing, since indeed many ages before it was written concerning bishops and deacons. For thus says the Scripture in a certain place, 'I will appoint their bishops in righteousness, and their deacons in faith.'" 1 Clement 42:1-5
and
"Our apostles also knew, through our Lord Jesus Christ, that there would be strife on account of the office of the episcopate. For this reason, therefore, inasmuch as they had obtained a perfect fore-knowledge of this, they appointed those [ministers] already mentioned, and afterwards gave instructions, that when these should fall asleep, other approved men should succeed them in their ministry. We are of opinion, therefore, that those appointed by them, or afterwards by other eminent men, with the consent of the whole church, and who have blamelessly served the flock of Christ, in a humble, peaceable, and disinterested spirit, and have for a long time possessed the good opinion of all, cannot be justly dismissed from the ministry. For our sin will not be small, if we eject from the episcopate those who have blamelessly and holily fulfilled its duties. Blessed are those presbyters who, having finished their course before now, have obtained a fruitful and perfect departure [from this world]; for they have no fear lest any one deprive them of the place now appointed them. But we see that you have removed some men of excellent behaviour from the ministry, which they fulfilled blamelessly and with honour." - 1 Clement 44:1-5
You tell me, should I believe a man who personally knew the apostles themselves, studied under them, and was himself appointed by them; or should I believe Joseph Smith?
-CryptoLutheran
The foundation of the Church of Jesus Christ of First-century Saints was apostles and prophets and Jesus Christ himself.The Problem with your analogy is that those subsequent leaders of the Church did not claim to be Apostles. They claimed apostolic authority to their office but not to the office of Apostle. So they did not self-appoint themselves, but were rather appointed as leaders (bishops) of their particular jurisdiction by Apostles or those appointed by Apostles themselves.
This should put to question the idea that the Apostles were not capable of appointing Apostolic replacements, especially as they began to die off. The persecution against them wasn’t simultaneous nor was it coordinated, but sporadic and taking place over the course of many years. Plenty of opportunity for another Apostle (especially John), once he learned of the fate of his fallen comrade, to appoint from the already chosen pool of local Bishops replacements. Yet there were none.
Now this leads me to conclude the Apostles never intended nor had a mandate that their particular office go beyond them and their time. If it were so important, they would have appointed Apostles. John in particular since he possibly lived to the beginning of the second century. Mormons can’t really address this unless they implicate the entirety of the apostolic mission and the men they chose to be leaders. Were none of them Bishops worthy of being Apostles? None whatsoever? What does that say of the Church at the time? Was it all a lie, stories about the dedication of followers in acts and subsequent generations? Mere propaganda? I don’t think so.
I contend that the Mormon explanation of the early Church material is insufficient and cannot account for all the details. It raises more difficulties and problems trying to explain something that never happened to begin with (loss of authority). Authority was never lost in the Church, faithfulness was never lost.
That John lives even today was confirmed by JS around 1830, when he saw him and talked with him.John 21:23 (GW) So a rumor that that disciple wouldn't die spread among Jesus' followers. But Jesus didn't say that he wouldn't die. What Jesus said was, "If I want him to live until I come again, how does that concern you?"
The foundation of the Church of Jesus Christ of First-century Saints was apostles and prophets and Jesus Christ himself.
Ephesians 2:20 King James Version (KJV)
20 And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone.
With Jesus in heaven it was up to the apostles and prophets to do the teaching.
This is the reason Jesus gave them:
Ephesians 4:11-14 King James Version (KJV)
11 And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
12 For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ:
13 Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:
14 That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive;
Without the apostles and prophets we can not perfect the saints (teach them what they need to know to be saved), do the work of the ministry (only those having the binding and loosing keys can do the true work of the ministry), they cannot edify the body of Christ, (they do not know what that means).
This is to be the case till we all come into a unity of the faith, a full knowledge of the Son of God, so that we can be perfect men and women, and come unto the stature of Christ in his fulness.
It is apostles and prophets that keep us from being tossed to and from with every wind of doctrine by the sleight of men and women and their cunning craftiness whereby they lie in wait to deceive.
We have not had apostles and prophets for 1900 years. That is because the gentiles murdered them and even in the Church of Jesus Christ of First-century Saints they started to despise the apostles and would not let them come into their bishops territory.
Apostasy was starting to move along about the time that John was exiled to Patmos. He was rejected by Christian bishops because he came to their territories and told them to get back in line and they did not like it one bit.
God, in Ephesians above, knew his apostles and prophets needed to be in control in order for the church to stay true and teach the truth and so it was his intentions for the apostles to be here forever. But he also knew they would not, because of the wickedness of the world they lived in.
It took 1900 years for the Americas to be discovered and to become the land of the free in order to bring back the true church again, out of the wilderness. Only in America could this happen, and it had a hard time with persecution in the beginning. Eventually it will make its way around the entire world as prophesied in the first century in the great commission of the Lord as he ascended into heaven.
"The Prophet Joseph Smith taught “the fundamental principles, government, and doctrine of the Church are vested in the keys of the kingdom.”2 Those keys refer to the right to preside over priesthood authority in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. Keys carry the right to preside over a local organization of the Church, such as a stake, a ward or branch, a mission or district, a priesthood quorum, or a temple. Keys are conferred by the laying on of hands by one who holds proper authority and whose authority is known to the Church.3
All the keys of the kingdom of God on earth are held by members of the First Presidency and members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The President of the Church—the senior Apostle—presides over the entire Church and is the only person on earth who exercises all the keys in their fulness.4 He delegates authority by conferring or authorizing the conferral of keys upon other bearers of the priesthood in their specific offices and callings.5
Priesthood is the authority of God delegated to man to minister for the salvation of men. “The power of directing these labors constitutes the keys of the Priesthood.”6 We distinguish between holding the priesthood and holding keys of the priesthood. When an individual is given keys, he does not receive additional priesthood. What he has is the right to direct the work of the priesthood."
From: Keys of the Priesthood
That John lives even today was confirmed by JS around 1830, when he saw him and talked with him.
Unknown. But I want to meet him too.In that case there was no need for a restoration of any kind.
Where is John today? I want to meet him.
Did Jesus personally know Abraham? I believe He did. I don't know if president Nelson knew the apostles Paul and Peter. I do believe that Joseph Smith was ordained by Peter, James, and John:Did Mr. Nelson personally know the Apostles St. Paul and St. Peter?
-CryptoLutheran
I don't know if president Nelson knew the apostles Paul and Peter.
Okay, that is good that they did.I can answer that for you, he didn't. However St. Clement did. St. Ignatius of Antioch did.
-CryptoLutheran
Okay, that is good that they did.
Why not believe both? Has President Nelson said anything contrary to keeping the commandments of LOVE?So who shall I believe? Those whom the Apostles hand-picked to lead the churches they left behind, and who heard the Apostles speak with their own ears, and who learned directly from the Apostles directly, and who were given charge by the Apostles to safeguard the faith and keep watch over Christ's flock; or should I believe what Mr. Nelson says?
-CryptoLutheran