From the Schreiner excerpt that Ken posted"
At least two pieces of evidence, however, indicate that an argument from the created order is constructed in Rom. 1:2627. First, Paul selected the unusual words θῆλυς (thēlys, female) and ἄρσην (arsēn, male) rather than γύνη (gynē, woman) and ἀνήρ (anēr, man), respectively. In doing so he drew on the creation account of Genesis, which uses the same words (Gen. 1:27 LXX; cf. Matt. 19:4; Mark 10:6). These words emphasize the sexual distinctiveness of male and female (Moo 1991: 109), suggesting that sexual relations with the same sex violate the distinctions that God intended in the creation of man and woman. Second, the phrase contrary to nature (παρὰ φύσιν) is rooted in Stoic and Hellenistic Jewish traditions that saw homosexual relations as violations of the created order (see below).
By missing the fact that Paul was citing an example from a work of Plato's, Schreiner falsely attributed Plato's word choices to Paul, and jumped to unsupportable conclusions
The latter point is borne out by verse 27, which specifies in three ways what constitutes the unnatural activity for men: (1) in forsaking sexual relations with women (ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας); (2) in burning in desire for other men (ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους, exekauthēsan en tē orexei autōn eis allēlous); and (3) in doing that which was shameful with other men (ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι, arsenes en arsesin tēn aschēmosynēn katergazomenoi).7 Verse 27 gives no indication that only specific kinds of homosexual activity are prohibited. Instead, homosexual relations in general are indicted.
Burning (
ἐκκαίω ekkaiō) and lust (
ὄρεξις orexis) are two of the five parts, or symptoms of the vice of Passion. Paul inserts all five symptoms into this passage in order to point out the actual sin. The other three parts are desire
(ἐπιθυμία epithymia), found in verse 24, emotion (
πάθος pathos), found in verse 26, and error or wandering [from the path of Reason] (
πλάνη planē), found in verse 27. Rather than describing the awfulness of "homosexuality," their purpose is to point to the actual sin being described.
Two other words are often highlighted in this passage to point out how awful "homosexuality" was in Paul's eyes: dishonored (
ἀτιμία atimia) and shameful (
ἀσχημοσύνη aschēmosynē). The second one is referenced in the Schreiner paragraph above.
It is true that
atimia is the negative of
time (honored), just as in English, unfaithful is the negative of faithful. But something
atimia is not necessarily worthy of scorn. The Potter can make from the same lump of clay two vessels, one honored and one dishonored. Nor does shame (
aschemosyne) necessarily come from sin. Paul in several passages speaks about the shame he endured for the sake of preaching the gospel. Both of these words, along with their opposites appear in 1 Corinthians 12:23, where Pual tells us to honor the dishonored, and to exalt the shamed:
And those [members] of the body, which we think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow more abundant honour; and our uncomely [parts] have more abundant comeliness.