Hi all, from a Christian perspective what is the difference between loving someone and being in love with someone in a relationship (dating/marriage)?
There's no singular kind of "love". In English we use this singular word to cover virtually all bases, all expressions of interest, affection, care, etc. It's why we can just as easily say "I love pizza" as "I love my wife".
We innately know that there are different kinds of love, we don't get confused when someone tells us that they love to play sports that they are referring to the same sort of love as the love between a parent and a child.
In other language, these distinctions are sometimes made more obvious, because there is more clear language. Greek is an example of this, the language of the New Testament.
In Greek there are four words that we can translate as "love" in English:
1) Eros
2) Philos
3) Storge
4) Agape
The word eros is the origin of our English words for "erotic" and similar, but eros isn't necessarily "sexual" love. But it can be compared to romantic or passionate love. It is the love expressed through desire, the affection that arises between lovers. It can be sexual, but is not necessarily sexual. Indeed eros, desiring love, can also describe things like our love of pizza, or our love of sports, or our love of science, mathematics, history, knowledge, or any number of things. Eros is desiring love. As such, this is the kind of love we might say is "being in love", at least that initial "being in love" feeling.
The word philo or philos is sometimes called "brotherly love"; but more specifically philos is belovedness. Philos is natural affection, such as the affection between siblings, or the affection between parents and children. Philos is familial love, tenderness, compassion.
The word storge was, by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, considered the chief of the loves. Philo is a great love--the love between kin--but Aristotle regarded storge greater. Storge was choice-love, when two people commit to walk down the same path together, that is storge. A biblical example would be the love between Jonathan and David, though not related by blood, they were close friends, closer than brothers. Philo arises naturally, but storge is intentional. Storge makes bonds with people, even when no blood relationship, or other natural affection should arise.
The word agape is special. It is exceedingly uncommon outside of Christian writers, to the point that its recorded uses among Pagan Greeks was almost nil. Nothing. But this is the word that Christians latched on to. This is the word St. John uses in his Gospel when he quotes the Lord Jesus, "For God so loved the world..." (John 3:16). The earliest name Christians gave to the Holy Eucharist, or Lord's Supper (aka Holy Communion) was
Agape. This Agape was the sacred meal, the Lord's Supper, in which we receive and partake of Christ's body and blood in and with the bread and wine (1 Corinthians 10:16). By itself agape can mean something as simple as affection; but in Christianity the word agape took on a whole new level and dimension: Agape was God's love, the love that originates from God, by which He freely offers and gives Himself to all in Jesus Christ. When St. John in his letter writes, "God is love" he uses the word agape, God is agape. In this, then, agape has become understood in Christianity as the love which is freely given, without condition--it is love freely given and expressed. It is the love by which we throw ourselves away for others, give ourselves away. Even as God has given Himself away in Jesus, it is the love Christ has for you and me when He hangs on the cross, it is the love He shows when He prays, "Father, forgive them, they know not what they do."
In the context of our love toward our spouse, being in love may begin as eros--the mutual affectionate desire between two people for one another. That, "I want to be with you" and "I want you to be with me" love. But eros itself probably isn't going to sustain a loving, committed partnership--such desiring affection can evolve, grow, becoming philo and storge. Familial bonds are brought forth through the partnering of two people in marriage, bringing forth children; and between husband and wife the love to be with one another and be partners, to come together and walk together, that is a kind of storge. And finally, agape--Christian love. One's spouse is not only their spouse, not only their partner, they are also a human being made in God's image, a person of value and intrinsic worth to be cherished, respected. We give ourselves, freely.
So what may have been "You for me" becomes "I for thee". It is only in "I for thee" that deepest love is found. That love which is of God Himself, into which we are created as human beings, to reflect God and all that He is into the world as bearing God's image and likeness.
EDIT: I have apparently confused storge and philia, I was working from memory. And thus got these mixed up in my head. I thought about deleting my post and rewriting it, but hopefully even with this error on my part it is still perhaps helpful.
-CryptoLutheran