Nathanael was not referring to YHWH or Isaiah 44. He was referring to Yeshua. YHWH is the ultimate King of the universe and of Israel. He anointed Yeshua to be King of Israel just as He anointed Saul as their first king.
Psalm 2:6-7 make it perfectly clear that not only is Yeshua YHWH's chosen anointed King, but that Yeshua is NOT YHWH. He is YHWH's Son. When Nathanael said, "Rabbi, thou art the Son of God", his meaning was, "Thou art the Son of YHWH."
No Nathanael was calling Jesus or Yeshua Yahweh, Yahweh called himself King of Israel in Isa 44.
Other examples ;
1 Sam 12: 12 And when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over us: when the Lord your God was your king.
Ps 149
Praise ye the Lord. ....Let Israel rejoice in him that made him: let the children of Zion be joyful in their King.
Is 6
"for mine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts."
Isa 43:15 I am the Lord, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King.
I think that make it pretty clear!
Nathanael would have been speaking Aramaic and he would have said Rabbi thou are the Son of El thou art the King of Israel or Yahweh.
Now to gadar perets
What you are missing is El
In Gen 1 Elohim creates and the words El and Elohim(s) are the first word used to recognize deity. However over the thousands of years it has lost its original meaning. El was the supreme God of the Canaanite and Semitic peoples. He was the Father of the gods in the Ugarit text and secular scholars claim the Hebrews barrowed from them.
But we are Bible believing people and believe there was a Noah and he taught his sons about God. As they left the Ark and became many nations they took this knowledge with them but most of them fell into apostasy thus El became an idol along with many other gods.
However this does not discount the truth that El is the supreme God.
In Ex 6 Yahweh speaks to Moses and says " And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by
the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them.
'The name of ' is added for clarification but it is not in the Hebrew. What it should say is 'in the name' of El Shadday ' Yahweh was the agent of El, he spoke for El. In Mal 1 Yahweh complains about the polluted sacrifice they bring to his alter and say 'You want me to "beseech El' for you, do you think he will "regard your persons"
Once again Yahweh is the mediator between mankind and El.
1 Tim 2 :5 For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus;
Jesus and Yahweh are one and the same.
Now let’s look at Ps 2
1, Ps 2 is like Isa 14 which is really talking about the king of Babylon but we all assume is a metaphor for Satan. In like matter Ps 2 is speaking of David
2 The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the Lord, and against his anointed, …
Compare to
Ps 89 I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him:
However we all assume the writer is using David as a metaphor for the coming Messiah.
2, The writer of this Psalm is quoting some thing which would have been familiar to his readers but which is now lost to us.
In Ps 82 he does it; “I have said, Ye are gods;….”
When did he say that, we don’t know because we have lost that scripture.
‘I will declare the decree: the Lord hath said unto me,…’
It’s not ‘a decree’ but ‘the decree’ as if it had been give and now is being brought to pass by ‘me’. It does not tell us who me is!
3, The writer moves the speaker around.
First the writer himself speaks asking; “Why do the heathen rage, …”
Second he puts words into the mouth of the Lord; 5 Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex them in his sore displeasure. Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion.
Next it’s hard to tell who is speaking;
7 I will declare the decree: the Lord hath said unto me, Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee.
8 Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, …..
Then it switches back to the writer;
10 Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of the earth.
11 Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling.
It’s hard to tell the real intent of the writer so to hang your hat on that one passage is just wrong.
3, The son could mean Israel
Isa 44: 1 Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: Thus saith the Lord that made thee, and formed thee from the womb,…. Remember these, O Jacob and Israel; for thou art my servant: I have formed thee; thou art my servant:
In verse 8 of Ps 2 say;
8 Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession.
In Isa 54 Israel is told
2 Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations: spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes;
3 For thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles,
So as Christians we could all be reading into this more than the writer ever intended.
4 There is a Hebrew concept which says a person can not be his own witness he must have a second witness to verify his authority. This influences a lot of our traditions and court system to day.
Jesus said in John 8
18 I am one that bear witness of myself, and the Father that sent me beareth witness of me.
This occurred at the baptism of Jesus; Matt 3
“….and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.”
He then goes out into the wilderness for 40 days (depending on the versions) but upon his return he declares his authority to his new Apostles “And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.” John
So the pattern is the greater authority declares the authority of the lesser and then the lesser declares his own authority based on the authority of the greater.
In Isa 42 we have the same thing which happens in Ps 2 where the speaker switches from person to person.
At the beginning there is an unidentified voice which must be God the Father and he gives a witness to his servant’s authority and then prophecies of his coming to earth. It is a precursor to what happened to a the Lord’s baptism.
1 Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles.
2 He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street.
3 A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth.
4 He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law.
Yahweh then bears witness of himself and proclaims his own authority
5 ¶ Thus saith God the Lord, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein:
6 I the Lord have called thee/ Israel in righteousness,…
The Father declaring the authority of Yahweh and then Yahweh declaring his own authority. Jesus quotes this passage and claims that it is himself in Matt 12.
Then in about vers 10 the person speaking changes and it is Isaiah, he has heard the prophecy of the savant bring forth judgment to the earth which we as Christians believe to be with his atonement “He shall not fail” and he says in verse 13
“
The Lord/Yahweh shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail against his enemies…..now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will destroy and devour at once….And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not; I will lead them in paths that they have not known: I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do unto them, and not forsake them….. Hear, ye deaf; and look, ye blind, that ye may see.”
Paul seems to paraphrase this in 1 Cor 15
24 Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power.
25 For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet.
26 The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.
Yahweh/ Jesus taught the gospel and establish a new path in the New Covenant, he blessed the death and blind that the could ear and see. He put his enemy death under his feet.
Yahweh=Jesus