The welfare state was created by Bismark to counter the effects of socialism, however, the idea of free healthcare, full employment and a social safety net are Marxist. These simply become the stanard. The welfare state as currently instantiated greases the wheels of commerce. I ought to have been far less wooly there.
In what way did he argue for this? I can remember most of the Communist Manifesto....almost nothing of Das Kapital and only bits and pieces of his other essays and bits.
People don't really read The Wealth Of Nations which is, imo, the most brilliant economic book written. In it, Adam Smith argues for a progressive tax system and business regulation to control the economy from spiraling into vast wealth disparity.
Contrary to popular belief, Adam Smith did not accept inequality as a necessary trade-off for a more prosperous economy
I don't honestly claim to remember exactly if or how he thinks those progressive taxes should be redistributed....but it's definitely clear he intended for them to be redistributed in some way to the poorest.
That's written in 1776. The Communist Manifesto wasn't written until the mid 1800s. Adam Smith argues for the wealthiest people to pay the most taxes and the poorest people to pay the least and gain the most tax advantage. That's capitalism.
Corporate regulation is Marxist in the sense that it's leftwing advocates often draw on the Marxist critique of capitalism. Leftwing corporate regulations would include things such as trade unions and laws protecting worker's rights.
Again, as Adam Smith outlines and predicts business behaviors resulting from capitalism as "market failures" like price fixing and monopolies....he also advocated governmental regulations to avoid these problems and attempts at solving them when they do occur.
I honestly wonder how many communists would actually exist if they read The Wealth of Nations either before or after the Communist Manifesto. It's the difference between seeing a brilliant man describing what is happening and would happen with only minor changes....and a man describing some alternate version of reality that isn't just impossible, it's silly.
Marxism was never meant to be a new system. It offers a critique of capitalism, and suggests a way to address some of its flaws. Marx was a great admirer of capitalism. This is no secret.
There's a pretty good argument about Marx not actually believing in a word of what he advocated.
He is famous for the quote "I am not a Marxist" which can be interpreted several ways...but I'm inclined to think he knows he's selling a dream with no way to achieve it.
If he came up with trade unions....good for him....and it seems like an obvious modernization of older craftsmen guilds like the masons. The big contribution he made to economics is the idea of labor having intrinsic value which is demonstrably false and basically argued as such in a debate against Marx.
I tend to see Marx as a resentful man who was probably misanthropic....but smart enough to propagate an idea that is a system of political and economic dogma used to justify the overthrowing of anyone in power.
Marxism is good for building a model of popular revolution....and that's it. Once in power, revolutionaries are left without any real sense of what to do or how to make things work. They tend to start committing atrocities just to hide failures....or perhaps as genuine but misguided beliefs that the reason for such widespread and immense failures is the lack of genuine communists or subversive interlopers. It's a mad power grab, and once at the top...anyone capable of recognizing these people don't really understand what to do must be intimidated into silence or removed.
Edit- Most people today imagine capitalism as described by lassez-faire economics or lassez-faire capitalism. It's the idea that economics works best without any government intervention at all. The place and time of its propagation leads me to think of it as basically the invention of capitalists who understood that if they were to become wealthier...they had to convince people that the government should stay out of economics. Essentially a self serving model that only benefits the very wealthy. They knew supply and demand wouldn't possibly regulate the price of everything...and regulatory competition wouldn't exist in every market. Of course, if you want people to avoid the same conclusion you only teach from the front of The Wealth of Nations....never the back lol.