Difference between male female;
Sex-Based Differences in Skeletal Muscle Kinetics and Fiber-Type Composition
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiol.00024.2014
To get some of the concrete,
physiological differences in male muscle vs. female muscle out of the way right off the bat: According to
Fair Play for Women, a woman's body is typically about 30 to 35 percent muscle by weight, while a man's body is about 40 to 50 percent muscle by weight. Of course, these numbers vary by age, fitness level and genetics…
Perhaps most notably, women tend to have about 27 to 35 percent more type I muscle fibers than men. More commonly known as
slow-twitch muscle fibers, as per the
American Council on Exercise, type I fibers are aerobic muscles rich in blood-carrying myoglobin. By the same token, women's muscles have a greater capillary density.
The combo of more slow-twitch fibers and more capillaries makes for an increased ability to deliver more blood to the muscle, while it also increases fatty acid oxidation.
According to ACE, "Because they can provide their own source of energy, slow-twitch fibers can sustain force for an extended period of time, but they are not able to generate a significant amount of force."
Big Vs. Small Muscles | Livestrong.com
At least two recent peer-reviewed studies challenge this rule. One published in the journal
Sports Medicine found “the muscular advantage enjoyed by transgender women [men on estrogen] is only minimally reduced when testosterone is suppressed” for 12 months. A
second review article found the male strength advantage to remain even after three years of testosterone suppression.
Even if the strength advantage could be eliminated, however, to reduce the definition of female human being to having a certain level of testosterone in your body for a certain amount of time completely ignores the scientific reality that genetics—not testosterone—is at the root of all that makes the two sexes different.
When males are allowed to compete in athletic leagues designed for females, they deprive female athletes of the opportunity to safe and fair participation in sports. As Vanbellinghen said, “
Life-changing opportunities are missed for some athletes—medals and Olympic qualifications—and we are powerless.”
She is not alone. Female sports at all levels have been infiltrated by the
transgender ideology. Here are just a few examples of how females have been harmed when forced to compete against males:
- In track and field, male high school runner CeCe Telfer won three titles in the Northeast-10 Championships for women’s track, and received the “most outstanding track athlete” award.
- In softball, male player Pat (Patrick) Cordova-Goff took one of 15 spots on his California high school women’s varsity softball team.
- In basketball, a 50-year-old, 6-foot-8-inch, 230-pound man, Gabrielle (Robert) Ludwig, led the Mission College women’s basketball team to a national championship with the most rebounds.
- In mixed martial arts, male fighter Fallon Fox shattered female fighter Tamikka Brents’ eye socket and gave her a concussion. Brents said she “never felt so overpowered in her life.”
- In Connecticut’s state track and field championships, two male high school runners, Andraya Yearwood and Terry Miller, took first and second place in multiple events, beating out top high school girls from across the state. Yearwood was named Connecticut’s “athlete of the year.”
The simple truth is that males outperform females in regard to
speed and strength due to inborn genetics and sex hormones. This has consistently been proven by long-term research on elite athletes when matched for training.
The sex hormone testosterone plays an important role in regulating bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass, strength, and the production of red blood cells leading to higher circulating hemoglobin. This is particularly true during puberty.
After puberty, male circulating testosterone concentrations are 15 times greater than those of females at any age. The result is a clear male advantage in regard to muscle mass, strength and circulating hemoglobin levels even after adjusting for sex differences in
height and weight.
Athletic differences are also due to genetics. Studies have identified more than 3,000 genes that are differentially expressed in
male and female skeletal muscle. Obvious bone differences due to a combination of genetics and hormones even exist at birth; the average male is heavier and taller than the average female and this advantage continues, when controlled for
stage of puberty, throughout life.
Genetics is why a male who self-identifies as female remains male, and giving estrogen to a
male does not transform him into a female.
While it is true that a male using estrogen will lose muscle strength and impair other aspects of his physiology, he does not alter his genetics; he remains male at the cellular level in all body systems.
Similarly, a female who self-identifies as male remains female, and giving her testosterone does not transform her into a male. In terms of genetics, she
remains female at the cellular level.
These inherent sex-based differences also mean that females are at higher risk of athletic injuries. For instance, stress fractures involving the long bones of the legs in runners are more frequent in females. Male athletes are far less susceptible due to their larger and denser bones.
Taken together, these discrepancies render females, on average, unable to compete effectively against males in power-based or endurance-based sports.
Science and common sense agree. When males are allowed to compete in athletic leagues designed for females, they deprive girls and women of the opportunity to safe and fair participation in sports.
Here's the Truth About Transgender Females' Bodies and Athleticism
