I'm a missionary and it might surprise you, but I agree with everything in your post and the questions you raise are valid. In fact, it sounds very similar to what I wrote to a large sending agency in the US when I saw a post from one of their missionaries on Facebook with pictures of the new house they were renting located in one of the most exclusive gated communities in the city. There were three missionary families from this agency living in that same community. Below is a portion of what I wrote to the sending agency.
Why are there so many missionaries in the Philippines? Why not Afghanistan. Pakistan. Laos, Bangladesh. Sudan. Azerbaijan. or Uzbekistan? I will tell you why: because it is more fun in the Philippines!
Here in the Philippines missionaries can continue to live their Western lifestyles. They can drive nice cars. wear the newest clothing, eat at Western style restaurants. and live in comfortable homes that are of a much higher class than the average citizen in the Philippines can afford. How can people living like the top 1% reach some of the poorest people in the entire world? It doesn't work.
Just imagine if all of the money sent to sponsor Western missionaries all these years went directly in the hands of local ministries what could be accomplished.
There was once a time when Western missionaries needed to go into countries where the Gospel wasn’t preached. but today there are enough indigenous Christian leaders who are more capable than outsiders to spread the gospel. They already know the language. they know the culture. they don't need visas, and they don't have to return home for a vacation from the field. More importantly they will live at the same economic level as the people they are reaching rather than living a Western lifestyle in a foreign land which means more people can be sent with much less financial burden on the church.
Let me give an example of how much it costs a typical Western missionary to live here in the Philippines on an annual basis. Most Western missionaries bring their wives and children along with them. So a typical missionary family would consist of husband. wife and three children. (Some have more. some have less) They typically rent homes in more affluent neighborhoods, the children attend private schools of course. and they have to eat. The following numbers are going to be conservative, so lets add these three items up.
5 people eating 3 times a day @ P60 per meal = P900 a day X 365 = P328,500 (This alone already exceeds the average Filipino family's annual income which is about P235.000!)
Rent P20,000 per month X 12 months = P240,000 (Once again this number is above the average Filipino family's annual income)
Three children sent to private school. Many missionaries in Davao and Manila send their children to Faith Academy where the tuition is P215.000+ annually per student. The cost of three children to go to school P645,000! But to make up for those who do not attend this particular school I will cut this number in half to be more fair. P322.500.
So just the above figures alone come to an annual total of P891.000. (Families in the richest decile in the Philippines earn an annual income of only P715,000)
This amount does not include shopping trips to the mall. excursions to resorts. trips to Starbucks or the movies, gas for the car, utility bills. and lets not forget the annual trip home to escape the suffering life of a missionary in a third world country.
Currently a round trip ticket to the US averages around P65.000, multiply this by five family members and you are looking at P322,500. So lets go ahead and add an additional P100.000 to this amount to compensate for all the additional expenses I just named and we come up with P422.500 to add to the budget. This brings our total to P1,313,500 per year! This is the amount needed before a single peso goes to the ministry!
A missionary native to the Philippines requires less than P120,000 to live in their home country which is less below 10% of what the typical Western Missionary needs.
This is a country that has already been reached and there are many wonderful and Godly Filipino Pastors doing a great work for the Lord. I have seen churches being planted, growing, and efforts being made for more churches to be planted. They are working hard at growing and training others for the ministry. They are making disciples.
Why do American and other Western churches not support these churches rather than send thousands of missionaries to countries like the Philippines? Do they think that the Filipinos are incapable of supporting their own churches? That they can not feed themselves? Clothe themselves? Just Imagine if all of the money in the example I gave went directly in the hands of local ministries.
Wow...that was quite a post! One reason foreigners try to rationalize such expenditures is safety. Because they don't speak the local language and don't understand slang or the local customs, they feel somewhat blind there socially. They walk around people but don't really know how they feel. You can hear intonations in the voices but its hard to be sure what you're hearing and the feelings behind those words, even if they are in Phenglish.
So they err on the side of caution and go the private school route, worried about kidnapping I suppose. Of course they could simply send missionaries that don't have children....easy solution. But I suppose the vast majority have children.
Another problem is the heat. Its hot and very humid in most of the Philippines and other tropical countries and people are usually not willing to change their diet to adapt. Electricity can cost a lot in some countries and running cold AC in a large house can cost a small fortune. They don't realize that by altering their diet to something more healthy, exercising in the very heat they're trying to acclimatize to, using fans at night, really works and in a few weeks they will feel much more comfortable there. But if you eat fried/salted/sweetened food you will be uncomfortable and feel sticky and sweaty all the time. Isn't the Bible full of people that are "stiff necked"? The best solution to heat I ever found was to use a snug fitting, cotton, very stretchy T-shirt and soak it in water. Keeps you surprisingly cool for about 2 hours. If its dark colored nobody even knows its wet. And its free. What would work even better would be a long sleeved turtleneck! Sure it would look ridiculous but it would be very cooling. Sleeping in a cotton hammock with a fan both under and over you is also very effective and consumes almost no electricity. Sleeping is tough when you first get there with no air-con so most people need a little help.
Another problem is many westerner are very inflexible when it comes to food even though its kind of crazy not to avail yourselves to local, fresh food, especially as its so cheap its ridiculous. When I was in the Philippines long ago a fresh coconut cost about 8 cents. Here they are about 5 bucks. And they're much better there! Many westerners will buy exactly the same food as back home and because its imported costs a fortune, much more than back home. Stubbornness is very expensive!
The solution of course is to clamp down on their expenses and just don't give them much money to live on and they'll find a way to make it work.
But as you say, a local is usually far more able to get through to their heart than some foreigner arrogantly parading themselves through the country. Occasionally though a foreigner will be respected more because they are from abroad. So ideally it might be best to minister with both. Whatever works. But obviously, when it comes to supporting local missionaries locals are usually best. I would have a foreigner do financial oversight though. The corruption in many of these countries is just beyond belief. If they know someone is at least spot checking things it helps minimize the temptation.
One thing that is wonderful today is how much Christian material is online. Of course Satan is also busy online, very busy. The battle never ceases!
As for the other countries you mention, it would be hard to get a family to go to a dangerous (often Muslim and very unChristian) country knowing they could be so vulnerable there.
What is interesting is literacy: If they speak English they can get whatever they want online Christian wise. But if they don't, how could a foreign missionary reach them? It makes no sense. The answer is to use the internet to connect people, to keep tabs on them, and so they can report their progress and work to their supporters. Its that connectivity that is so vital. And cheap phones make it happen.