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The concern of this posting is to examine a few things about the Old Testament, firstly when reading the Old Testament one must consider preexilic periods. I will provide three examples of cross pollination within Old Testament and ANE (Ancient Near East) theologies. EXAMPLE 1) The "word of...

Interesting conversations and also this may concern the Greek Magical Papyri, "the Archangel Michael predates judeo-christianity, and is so ancient that you can trace his name back to around at least 1600 BCE, over a thousand years before he is ever mentioned in Judaism. He appears to have...

My assertion is that biblical monotheism develops from early polytheistic cultures, but my assertion is not really “my assertion”, it is actually shown throughout the annals of history that this is how the ancient Israelites developed. Hence, it can be shown that Christianity will have been...

I generally will not post youtube videos, however I also have Irving Finkel's book "The Ark before Noah", which can be found here: https://www.amazon.com/Ark-Before-Noah-Decoding-Story/dp/0385537115/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8 Definitely an interesting lecture, for those christian...

The origins of "Satan" comes from an Anglicization of the Hebrew common noun שָׂטָן and the noun has been related etymologically to a variety of geminate, third weak and hollow verbs in Hebrew and in the cognate languages. These proposals include verbs meaning 'to stray' (AI ~IT, Heb ~THtEth...

So when studying the proto-history of Israel and not the historical period of biblical Israel we should define proto-history" and its chronological boundaries. Hence, "Proto-history" must be differentiated from both "pre-history" and "history." 1. "The pre-history of Israel" should be...

Various West Semitic descriptions emphasize Baal’s theophany in the storm (KTU 1.4 V 6-9, 1.6 III 6f., 12f., 1.19 I 42-46) or his role as warrior (KTU 1.2 IV, 1.5 I 1-5, 1.119.26-29, 34-36; RS 16.144.9 334). These two dimensions of Baal are explicitly linked in KTU 1.4 VII 29-35, 1.101.1-4, and...

Outside of proper names, the word ’el occurs about 230 times in the Hebrew Bible. It usually occurs as an appellative designating a foreign deity (Ezekiel 28:2) as well as Israel’s chief deity. Most commonly, the word is used with other elements (such as the definite article or a suffix). El...

The talk of caustic laws in the Exodus and in Hammurabi are quite similar. Hammurabi being a ruler in ancient Mesopotamia at about 1792 BC to 1750 BC and being the 6th king of the 1st Babylonian Dynasty. It isn't until about 1700 BC and sum of 50 years after the reign of Hammurabi that St. Moses...

Abraham (Abram) is mentioned in Genesis 11:27 as I know, and he comes from Ur. And then in Genesis 11:30 we see a departure from Ur of Chaldean's which is Ur we can reference below as such: Sumerian it is Urim or URIM-2-KI and URIM-5-KI of course KI means earth in Sumerian and Urim refers to...

I have read and agree with the guidelines. Long before Christianity emerged there was a formula used buy Mesopotamian Kings to show that their power extended over the whole land of the two rivers; King of Sumer and akkad. The great alluvial plain from the site of the modern city of Baghdad this...

Usually I will post more complex postings than this (see my other postings), and this is a rather simple posting. And I will keep my opinions minimal in this posting. Also note: I use differing colors to separate topics, there is no hidden meaning behind this. Just so you know about me I am a...

Sin, in early Sumer is a personal offense against one's God, much later on it develops into missing the mark. So sin while a concept in Sumer, does not assert a cosmic Good guy and cosmic Bad guy. it isn't inherent sin or universal sin and the development of an adversary system comes later, but...

I have this posted in here somewhere else with the source listed, this has to do with Biblical and Mesopotamia parallels, equating Ba'al and Yahweh. Various West Semitic descriptions emphasize either Baal’s theophany in the storm (KTU 1.4 V 6-9, 1.6 III 6f., 12f., 1.19 I 42-46) or his role as...

I wonder if it is possible to find copies of the Old Testament from 1213 BC or earlier. As I know the oldest known script used for the Bible is Phoenician and occurs in The Tetragrammaton. It's possible there were older written copies in other, maybe older scripts. The tradition is that most of...

I expect that there will be disagreement's with my posting, please feel free to comment and respond as necessary. Polytheism is the belief in multiple Gods, the recognition of a Supreme God over other Gods is Henotheism, and Monotheism is the worship of one God. Actually in Sumer (which is the...