mattydrag said:
Well no. After the DNA's are mutated, can you show how it evolves? 2 mutations what are they? These mutations do they show how we as humans today are progressing at all?
Oh, boy, where to start. Bear with me, this is going to take some time.
Evolution happens to
populations. Not individuals. It's the characteristics of the
population that changes over the generations.
Evolution is not about "progress". It's about adapting to the environment. And the environment is
everything that interacts with an individual -- climate, predators, prey, brothers and sisters, other members of your species, availability and type of food that you eat, etc. Now, later I'll get to evidence that some populations of humans are adapting to different environments and are changing. But to say "progress" means that you have to put a value judgement on change, and evolution can't do that.
I can't show you the mutations that you have, because I don't have the sequence of all of your DNA. Many mutations are "silent" in that they make no difference to the proteins coded by the DNA. Proteins are made up of amino acids and each 3 bases in DNA code for an amino acid. There are 64 groups of 3 bases (there are 4 bases) and only 20 amino acids with 2 start and 2 stop groups. So many amino acids have 2 or 3 groups of 3 bases (called a codon) that code for them. The third base can often be a different base and still make the same amino acid. These mutations are called "silent". Many amino acids have similar properties, so changing that amino acid doesn't change the protein. For instance, both leucine and isoleucine are amino acids, but they are really similar. So a mutation that changes a leucine to an isoleucine isn't going to make any difference.
Now, once there is a mutation that does make a difference, it is subject to natural selection. However, humans are pretty immune to natural selection right now, because our technology ensures that most people survive and have kids.
But, in most populations, there are always more kids born in a generation than can survive and reproduce. In fact, most natural populations are static -- the numbers don't change from generation to generation.
But, that is because the excess is eliminated before they can have kids. So, there is a metaphorical "struggle for existence". Think of it like an elimination tournament in sports. Any variation (and mutations are one type of variation) that gives an advantage in the tournament and helps the individual "win" will have that individual survive and have kids. And, because of inheritance, the mutation will likely be passed down to his kids.
Over generations, what this means is that a favorable mutation will end up being in
every member of the population because everyone will be descended from that individual that got lucky and got the mutation first. So, the
population has changed from no one with the mutation to everyone having the mutation.
Now, for humans, one mutation that has been identified that makes us human is in the FOXP2 gene. This genes controls the fine muscles for speech. Between us and other species there is a change in
one amino acid that allows us to have fine control of these muscles and complex speech.
Now, for humans evolving, some populations of humans are relatively isolated from the rest of humanity. These include people who live at high altitude in the Andes and Himalayas. These people have separate changes that allow them to live at that altitude:
http://www.biology-online.org/2/11_natural_selection.htm
The !Kung live in the Kalahari desert and have adaptations to living in that desert. !Kung have some forms of some genes (alleles) that are unique to them and not present in any other human population.
Of course I have references! When do I not have references? 
