But it's less about "pulling weight"...
Per the second part of my post, federal contracts, facilities, etc... all count toward the "federal dollars received"
Notice how states like New Mexico, Virginia, and Maryland are all at the other end of the spectrum? That's not because those states are "freeloading" or don't know how to manage a budget and need federal handouts.
It's because those states are home to some very "expensive to operate" federal facilities and infrastructure.
When you factor in "how many federal dollars are going to state XYZ", knowing how much of that is in the form of federal contracts and federal facilities changes the dynamic.
For example, if you look at Virginia:
$150 billion federal taxes paid
$180 billion federal funds received
Looks like they're a recipient state:
But, when you factor in that of that $180 billion, $106 billion is from Federal defense contracts and federal government installations, that changes that dynamic.
Remove that $106 billion from the equation, Virginia technically becomes a donor state.
The NY Times even highlighted that in a recent piece about Gavin's claim of "California pays Trumps bills"
It’s easy to use “donor states” to score political points, but it’s not necessarily useful beyond that. And aspects of it are flawed, arbitrary or counterintuitive.
If as part of the calculation you remove federal contracts and wages (you can make a fair argument they are payment for specific services and different from the taxes and entitlements that everyone participates in), then the "donor vs. recipient" relationships become less pronounced.