Biblical Chronology: From Adam to the End of the World

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

While many have made attempts at various biblical chronologies I have not found one that clearly and decisively lays out from Scripture the numbers they espouse. After much study and prayer I have been able to do just that with the help of the Holy Spirit guiding me in my work to accurately account for the time from the creation of the world to the end of the world, and the creation of the new world in which the saints will dwell with God, Christ, the Church, and the Lamb for eternity.

Note all numbers in the genealogical accounts of Genesis 5 & 11 are based on those found in the Septuagint/LXX with some minor corrections. These minor corrections are addressed in the Methuselah Problem which will explain the 14 Year discrepancy found in the LXX. And the 5,500 Years from Adam to Christ are based on the propechies of Genesis 1:1-31, Daniel 9, the dimensions (in cubits) of the Ark of the Covenant in Exodus 37:1, Life of Adam and Eve 42:1-2, 1 Adam and Eve 3, and the Gospel of Nicodemus 22:1-14 (formerly Acts of Pilate). And the 7,000 Year time-line is based on the creation week of Genesis 1:1-2:3 where each day of the week represents a cycle of 1,000 Years for Adam died 70 Years short of 1,000 Years as God said, "In the day you eat of it you will die."

Overview of Methuselah Problem:

Septuagint (Original)
2,256 Years (Adam to Flood)
1,247 Years (Flood to Abraham)
430 Years (Abraham to Moses)
511 Years (Moses to Saul)
517 Years (Saul to Babylon)
70 Years (Babylon to Cyrus)
483 Years (Cyrus to Christ)
5,514 Years (Adam to Christ)

Septuagint (Corrected)
2,242 Years (Adam to Flood)
1,247 Years (Flood to Abraham)
430 Years (Abraham to Moses)
511 Years (Moses to Saul)
517 Years (Saul to Babylon)
70 Years (Babylon to Cyrus)
483 Years (Cyrus to Christ)
5,500 Years (Adam to Christ)

This fourteen year discrepancy is due to one of the scribes adding 14 Years to the death of Methuselah. Therefore the true year of Methuselah's death is not 969 Years but, 955 Years. Therefore when you change the year a person died, this automatically affects the length of their life, and the year they begat their first child: this change is based upon the number of years added or subtracted from their death.

And for those who haven't read the LXX I will show you another problem with the age of Methuselah...

Septuagint
167 Years (Methuselah)
188 Years (Lamech)
600 Years (Noah)
955 Years (Methuselah dies in the 14th Year after the Flood)

Masoretic
187 (Methuselah)
182 (Lamech)
600 (Noah)
969 Years (Methuselah dies the day of the Flood)

As you can clearly see I wanted to be sure that all other numbers in scripture added up and, I was motivated to accurately obtain the information I'm presenting. While God never lies or makes a mistake: mankind has proven to make plenty!

In closing this introduction it is my hopes that all who read this will have their eyes opened and be moved to study in order to show themselves approved unto God and not man. I will address all of the details of this introduction in the posts following this one so, please hold your comments and questions until the end of my multi post series. I understand there is a word limit here so, I simply need to copy and paste my finished work in parts. And if you want to know why and how this discrepancy came about check out my series Hiding the Messiah: Falsification of Genesis 5 & 11.

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

Now that you have an overview of the problem we must begin our account for the time from Adam to the Flood:

230 Years (Adam)
205 Years (Seth)
190 Years (Enosh)
170 Years (Kenan)
165 Years (Mahalalel)
162 Years (Jared)
165 Years (Enoch)
173 Years (Methuselah)¹
182 Years (Lamech)
500 Years (Noah)
100 Years (Flood)
2,242 Years (Adam to Flood)

¹ Fourteen years were subtracted from the age of Methuselah's death which changes the length of his life, and the year he begat his son Lamech.

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

Continuing where we left off we may now account for the time from the Flood to Abraham:

2 Years (Shem)²
135 Years (Arphaxad)
130 Years (Cainan)³
130 Years (Shelah)
134 Years (Eber)
130 Years (Peleg)
132 Years (Reu)
130 Years (Serug)
179 Years (Nahor)
70 Years (Terah)
75 Years (Abraham)
1,247 Years (Flood to Abraham)

² Shem begat Arphaxad two years after the Flood in his 100th Year which is also the 602nd Year of Noah; so, Shem would've been born in Noah's 502nd Year and, 98 Years Old at the start of the Flood.

³ Cainan is only found in the list of the Septuagint/LXX.

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

Next up we will account for the time from Abraham to Moses:

God's Reckoning
55 Years (From Isaac's 5th Year)⁴
91 Years (Jacob)⁵
39 Years (Joseph)⁶
17 Years (Jacob dies in his 147th Year)
54 Years (Joseph dies)⁷
21 Years (Levi dies)⁸
43 Years (Amram begets Moses)⁹
80 Years (Moses frees Israel)¹⁰
400 Years (Abraham to Moses)

Moses's Reckoning
25 Years (From Abraham's 75th Year)
60 Years (Isaac)
91 Years (Jacob)
39 Years (Joseph)
17 Years (Jacob dies in his 147th Year)
54 Years (Joseph dies)
21 Years (Levi dies)
43 Years (Amram begets Moses)
80 Years (Moses frees Israel)
430 Years (Abraham to Moses)

⁴ Thirty years have passed from Abraham's 75th Year to Isaac's 5th Year. God's promise to Abram that 400 Years would pass before his descendants would be freed from affliction and bondage remains true.

⁵ Jacob entered into Egypt with his family at 130 Years Old in the 39th Year of Joseph.

⁶ Joseph was 17 Years Old when he was sold into slavery; served in Potiphar's house for 1 Year; was imprisoned for 12 Years; and, 7 Years of plenty and 2 Years of famine passed when he saw his father Jacob and the rest of his family in Egypt.

⁷ Joseph died at 110 Years Old in the 116th Year of Levi. Seeing that Levi was the third child of Jacob and Joseph was the thirteenth child, because Dinah was the sister of Levi and the twelfth child of Jacob, he would've been 6 Years Old at birth; 45 Years Old when he entered Egypt and begat Kohath; and, 116 Years Old when Kohath begat Amram in his 71st Year.

⁸ Levi dies at 137 Years Old in the 21st Year of Amram, and the 92nd Year of Kohath.

⁹ Amram begets Moses in his 64th Year.

¹⁰ Kohath dies at 133 Years Old in the 62nd Year of Amram.

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

Next up we have to account for the time from Moses to Saul. In order to do so correctly we must understand that 47 Years passed from the 80th Year of Moses to the 85th Year of Caleb (Numbers 10:11; 13:1-20 cf. Joshua 14:6-15); 300 Years passed from the beginning of Joshua's reign to the beginning of Jephthah as judge over Israel (Judges 11:1-26). Therefore we will not include any judges whose reigns overlap with another judge's reign and does not end the oppression of Israel from their enemies:

Beginning from Moses' 80th Year and Caleb's 38th Year
2 Years (Caleb's 40th Year)
38 Years (Caleb's 78th Year)
7 Years (Caleb's 85th Year)¹¹
26 Years (Joshua dies at 110 Years Old)¹²
8 Years (King Cushan of Moab)
40 Years (Othniel)
18 Years (King Eglon of Moab)
80 Years (Ehud)
20 Years (King Jabin of Canaan)
40 Years (Deborah & Barak)
7 Years (Midianites)
40 Years (Gideon)
3 Years (Abimelech & Jotham)¹³
18 Years (Philistines & Ammonites)
6 Years (Jephthah)
40 Years (Philistines)
20 Years (Samson)
40 Years (Eli)¹⁴
58 Years (Samuel)¹⁵
511 Years (Moses to Saul)¹⁶

¹¹ Joshua spent seven years subduing the seven Canaanite nations. This was completed in his 84th Year. This is also seven years after the death of Moses in his 120th Year.

¹² Caleb died at 111 Years Old in the 26th Year of Joshua's reign.

¹³ Abimelech was the first to make himself king without being anointed by a priest or being chosen by God.

¹⁴ Eli was sole judge during his whole reign over Israel. His reign did not end until he died from breaking his neck during the time the Philistines stole the Ark of the Covenant (1 Samuel 4:1-18).

¹⁵ The length of Samuel's judgeship was arrived at by computing the time between the end of Samson's reign and the beginning of Saul's reign.

¹⁶ If 98 Years are subtracted from 511 Years the difference is 413 Years which, are the number of years from Moses to Samson.

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

Up next we can properly account for the reigns of the kings of Israel and Judah. Note that only Saul, Ishbosheth, David, and Solomon will be reckoned from the kings of Israel and, I will continue from Rehoboam to Mattaniah/Zedekiah. The reason for this is that the first four kings represent Israel as a united kingdom; from the time after these four kings God punished Solomon's idolatry by dividing the kingdom of Israel into two parts:

1) 10 Nothern Tribes
2) 2 Southern Tribes (Judah and Levi)

The priesthood stayed with Judah as the Temple was in Jerusalem near Hebron and, the Levites assisted the priests of Aaron in their duties. And the kingdom of southern Judah outlasted that of the northern Israel:

Reign of the Kings of Israel & Judah
40 Years (Saul)
2 Years (Ishbosheth)
40 Years 6 Months (David)¹⁷
40 Years (Solomon)
17 Years (Rehoboam)
3 Years (Abijah)
41 Years (Asa)
25 Years (Jehoshaphat)
8 Years (Jehoram)
1 Year (Ahaziah)
7 Years (Athaliah)
40 Years (Joash)
29 Years (Amaziah)
52 Years (Uzziah)
16 Years (Jotham)
16 Years (Ahaz)
29 Years (Hezekiah)
55 Years (Manasseh)
2 Years (Amon)
31 Years (Josiah)
0 Years 3 Months (Joahaz)
11 Years (Eliakim/Jehoaikim)
0 Years 3 Months (Jehoaichin)
11 Years (Mattaniah/Zedekiah)
517 Years (Saul to Zedekiah)

¹⁷ David ruled from Hebron in Judah for 7 Years 6 Months and only after the murder of Ishbosheth (2 Samuel 2:8-10 cf. 4:1-5:4).

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

Continuing from the reign of the kings of Israel and Judah we must account for the time from Babylon to Cyrus and from Cyrus to Christ. Once this is complete we may determine the truth of the time span between the end of Samson's reign to the beginning of Saul's reign:

70 Years (Babylon to Cyrus)

The above may be confirmed by checking the prophecy of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 25:11-12; 29:10 cf. 2 Chronicles 36:21, Isaiah 23:15 & 17, Daniel 9:2, Zechariah 1:12; 7:5).

During the time of Daniel in Babylon he realized that the end of the captivity of the Jews was near its end as prophesied by Jeremiah so, he prayed to God for understanding on this (Daniel 9:1-19). And God replied by sending him the archangel Gabriel to reveal to him the mystery of the 70 Week Prophecy for Israel, the Anointed One of God, the prince, and the punishment of the prince (vv. 20-27). These weeks are not literal weeks of days as the time to complete all such things would be too small, therefore they are weeks of years:

1 Week = 7 Years
70 Weeks × 7 Years = 490 Years = 10 Jubilees
69 Weeks × 7 Years = 483 Years (Decree to rebuild Jerusalem and God's Temple)

Looks like we have a Jubilee pattern going on here which is based on the same formula for counting down to the Feast of Weeks (Leviticus 23:15-16 cf. 25:8-12 ff.)

Feast of Weeks
7 Weeks × 7 Days = 49 Days
49 Days + 1 Day = 50 Days

Jubilee Period
7 Weeks × 7 Years = 49 Years
49 Years + 1 Year = 50 Years

Seeing that this follows the Jubilee pattern we must add ten years...

7 Weeks × 7 Years = 49 Years = 1 Jubilee
49 Years + 1 Year = 50 Years = 1 Jubilee

49 Years × 10 Jubilees = 490 Years
490 Years + 10 Years = 500 Years

To avoid any speculation and cast off doubt as to any fabrication let us subtract the 69 Weeks from the year of Christ's crucifixion:

5,500 Years - 483 Years = 5,017 Years (Christ to Cyrus)

My calculations show the truth of what I said regarding the 70 Week Prophecy corresponding to the Jubilee pattern. This brings us to the end of the 70 Year Babylonian captivity of the Jews. It now is possible to discover when Daniel received the prophecy from the archangel Gabriel...

5,017 Years - 17 Years = 5,000 Years
70 Years - 17 Years = 53 Years
5,000 Years - 53 Years = 4,947 Years

Daniel received this prophecy in the 53rd Year of the Jews' captivity in Babylon. We can now account from this time to the beginning of Saul's reign...

4,947 Years - 517 Years = 4,430 Years
4,430 Years - 4,332 Years = 98 Years (Samson to Saul)

It is clear that I have not made up any numbers nor resorted to any rounding or elaborate explanations. There are indeed 5,500 Years from Adam to Christ.

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

The final step is to account for the 70th Week of Daniel 9 and the Millennial Reign of Christ:

5,500 Years (Adam to Christ)
500 Years (Christ to Millennial Reign)
6,000 Years (Adam to Millennial Reign)

Here we have another Jubilee pattern and this time we know that the final week happens right before Christ Jesus's Second Coming...

6,000 Years - 7 Years = 5,993 Years

According to Daniel "The prince = The Abomination of Desolation = The Anti-Christ" who will make a covenant with many nations at the start of the 70th Week/Last 7 Years. And in the middle of this week he will break his covenant and stand in the Holy of Holies to declare himself "God": it is at this time the "Great Tribulation" will begin and, after that Christ will return...

Covenant to Great Tribulation
5,993 Years + 3 Years 6 Months = 5,996 Years 6 Months

Great Tribulation to Millennial Reign
5,996 Years 6 Months + 3 Years 6 Months = 6,000 Years

At the time of Christ's return Satan will be bound and imprisoned for 1,000 Years and, those who died in Christ will be raised from the dead and not suffer the second death!

6,000 Years (Adam to Millennial Reign)
1,000 Years (Millennial Reign to Final Judgment)
7,000 Years (Adam to the End of the World)

Repent for the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!

Humble Penny · May 25, 2021

This concludes my work. As all can see I have cited each place where I found my information and have been able to prove without a shadow of a doubt the truthfulness of my work. For those who still doubt the authenticity of the Septuagint/LXX remember and understand this proverb:

"God always preserves the truth in order to expose all falsehood."

I've already read the entire Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint for myself so, I've been able to look at the numbers in both; and after checking the numbers in the Antiquities of the Jews, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentatuech, and the genealogical records in the apocryphal books: I found that there is more agreement with the Septuagint numbers and than those found in the later Masoretic Text and other later scrolls.

Even translators have found that the words of Christ and the apostles make much more sense when reading the Septuagint than compared to the Masoretic Text. And when you read the source text for the Septuagint, The Letter of Aristeas, it becomes clear that before the LXX there were no foreign copies of the Hebrew scriptures outside of Israel.

And when you follow the narrative in scripture this is true for The Word of God was with God first; from there it passed to Adam and continued through the line of Seth (as Cain was cursed by God for killing Abel) all the way down to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; from there the Word of God came to Moses on Mount Sinai and was kept safe in the Tabernacle with Aaron and the Levites; next it passed to Joshua and continued through the Judges up to Samuel; and, the Word of God was passed from Samuel the Judge to Saul the king of Israel and remained with Israel until Solomon where the Law was forgotten after his death; the Word of God was rediscovered by king Josiah and obeserved until king Nebuchadnezzar burned the Temple built by Solomon; from here the Word of God is missing until the time of Ezra the scribe whom God commissioned with five other scribes to write for 40 Days and 40 Nights. At the conclusion of this event Ezra and his men had written 94 Books of which God said, "Keep 24 Books for the righteous and sinners to read but, hide away the 70 Books which shall only be revealed to those considered worthy to read them." This story may be found in 2 Esdras 14:19-26; 37-48. The 24 Public Books would be what we have as the old Testament which give more than enough information on what we need to know:

5 Books of the Law of Moses
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Dueteronomy

5 Major Prophets
Psalms¹
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Ezekiel
Daniel

1 Record of Seers²
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephanaiah
Haggai
Zecaraiah
Malachi

9 Books of the History of Israel
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 & 2 Samuel³
1 & 2 Kings⁴
1 & 2 Chronicles⁵
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther

4 Books of Literature⁶
Job
Proverbs
Eccleciastes
Song of Solomon

¹ Psalms is included with the prophets as the priests played instruments in the Temple of God while prophesying. And Jesus also mentioned that they contain prophecies of Him (1 Chronicles 25:1-3 cf. Luke 24:25-27, 44-49).

² The Record of the Seers is a collection of the writings and prophecies of the prophets and what they used to be called during the days of Samuel (see 1 Samuel 9:9 cf. 2 Chronicles 33:19). Therefore the prophets from Hosea to Malachi are combined into one book as they do not cover the same major and distinct prophesies found in the five major prophets.

³ The books of Samuel cover the period of Samuel to Ishbosheth's death and, David's rule so, they should be considered one book.

⁴ The books of the kings cover the time from king David to the Babylonian captivity, the time Cyrus freed the Jews, and commissioned the Temple and Jerusalem to be rebuilt, so, it should be considered one book.

⁵ The chronicles contains an overview from the creation of the world to the Babylonian captivity, the time Cyrus freed the Jews, and commissioned the Temple and Jerusalem to be rebuilt, so, it should be considered one book.

⁶ Literature covers the various poems, songs, wise sayings, narratives, and miscellaneous writings which do not necessarily cover anything in the law, the prophets, or the history of Israel.

The 70 Private Books would contain details left out in the first twenty-four books. And naturally speaking these books would cover the entire history from the creation of the world to the time of Ezra; so, the only things beyond that point would be prophecies concerning the Messiah and the End of the World.

And so we see that from the time of Adam to Malachi the prophet the Word of God was never given to the nations in their own tongues but remained written in Hebrew. It was not until after the death of Alexander the Great that the Hebrews finally wrote their first translation of the Hebrew scriptures into a foreign language, and this language was that of the Greeks during the time of the Ptolemy's. And history proves that koine Greek was the common language in use during the time of Jesus Christ and His twelve apostles.

Pavel Mosko · May 25, 2021

Humble Penny said:
the Word of God was never given to the nations in their own tongues but remained written in Hebrew. It was not until after the death of Alexander the Great that the Hebrews finally wrote their first translation of the Hebrew scriptures into a foreign language, and this language was that of the Greeks during the time of the Ptolemy's. And history proves that koine Greek was the common language in use during the time of Jesus Christ and His twelve apostles.

Well there are the Targums and Aramaic also was wide spread language in Asia, not to mention that Arabic was once a dialect of Aramaic. Besides this there was the Parthian empire, and the Silk road, and the testimony of Josephus (who says not many Jews were fluent in Greek).

Targum - Wikipedia

East of the Euphrates: Early Christianity in Asia – Religion Online

Humble Penny · May 26, 2021

Pavel Mosko said:
Well there are the Targums and Aramaic also was wide spread language in Asia, not to mention that Arabic was once a dialect of Aramaic. Besides this there was the Parthian empire, and the Silk road, and the testimony of Josephus (who says not many Jews were fluent in Greek).

Targum - Wikipedia

East of the Euphrates: Early Christianity in Asia – Religion Online

Hmmmm....well if we're referring to Jews in remote parts of the east who happen to be traveling through Palestine or Greece I find your reasoning difficult to believe. Not to mention I find your conclusion difficult to reconcile with the fact that the Jews became skilled and knowledgeable in the wisdom of the Greeks during the times of the Maccabees, and they even adopted their customs.

Your answer is like me saying Alexander the Great had no influence on the world in promoting Greek culture to the Babylonians, Indians, Arabs, Persians, Egyptians, etc. Let's not forget that the Hebrews have a famous narrative of their personal encounters with Alexander the Great in The Gests of Alexander of Macedon.

And if you read the Wikipedia article carefully the Targum was used by professional translators when the language of the hearers was not Hebrew, it was not used by common people. In short the Targum was used primarily for speaking to those Jews who could not speak or understand Hebrew well...this problem was also present during the time of Ezra and Nehemiah when the children of the Israelites who were of forbidden marriages could not speak or understand Hebrew.

Pavel Mosko · May 26, 2021

I was not very exact in post, but I don't see how it is hard to understand.

Aramaic was the mains spoken language of Israel at the time of Christ. Even the NT hints at that with its quotes of the exact words of Christ. Josephus in his history also seconds that viewpoint by saying "not many of his countrymen spoke Greek", and that they found it a difficult language to master, and that he even struggled with it for years.

My point was that Greek was not the only lingua franca, there was an older one that was being eclipsed but still important.

And I mentioned the Targums because it looked to me like you did not know anything about them. The Targums were made for the same problems we have today of people having trouble with Holy Languages, where you need something more modern than King James. In this case, however it is significant because the Targums and other similar translations are in another language, a related one of the same family tree, yet a different language rather than a more modernized one.

The concept of Memra is one thing that shows the importance of the Targums in theology.
MEMRA - JewishEncyclopedia.com

Humble Penny · May 26, 2021

Pavel Mosko said:
Well I guess I should study links more carefully before posting.

Targums and similar impromptu Hebrew translations were made and used quite frequently in the Synagogues because the people of Jesus day did not understand Biblical Hebrew that well. It was the same problem that other people have with religious Holy languages, like why we have more modern translations than the King James.

My point was that even with the decline in with Babylon, and the Eastern empire, Aramaic was still and important language (a lingua Franca in its own right). The reason it was the spoken language of Israel / Palestine was a testimony of that fact. The same goes with Arabic which at the time of Christ was just a dialect of Aramaic.

Here's is a theological example.

MEMRA - JewishEncyclopedia.com

Okay again if you read the Wiki article on the Targum carefully you'll see that it was nothing but, "[...]spoken translation of the Hebrew Bible[...]", which clearly means the Targum was still written in Hebrew characters, so, when spoken the hearers could understand the speakers "Herbrew-ish" language...it's what you would call "broken English" if you were a native English speaker conversing with a foreigner whose mastery of English wasn't strong in their ears, and this, as one's experience in life will show them is a common work around in all languages. Other than that it was not a foreign written translation from Hebrew into another language.

And as far as the phrase lingua franca let's not misuse it outside of the context of the time of Christ and the Scriptures, which at that time still had Greek translations. I would also point you to the fact prior to Christ the Law of Moses was first written by God and given to Moses on Mount Sinai; the first time it was copied was by God, after Moses broke the stone Tablets of God's Law when the Israelites worshipped the golden calf; and, within the Law of Moses the people could only write what they heard from Moses when he gave the curses and blessings for either following or not following the Law of God , and that was to serve as a reminder for them and a way to teach their children (Dueteronomy 11:18-22); other than that only kings were allowed to make official copies in the presence of the Levites (Deuteronomy 17:14-20). So up until the time of king Saul no copies of the Law of Moses could be made seeing that it was kept in the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 40:20 cf. 2 Chronicles 23:11); and this all means that the seventy two elders kept the Law of Moses by only copying it for the king per Deuteronomy 17:14-20. So it is only natural to believe that during the ptolemaic dynasty, Greek was the lingua franca and one would expect to find Greek translations during this time but not before.

Humble Penny · May 26, 2021

Pavel Mosko said:
I was not very exact in post, but I don't see how it is hard to understand.

Aramaic was the mains spoken language of Israel at the time of Christ. Even the NT hints at that with its quotes of the exact words of Christ. Josephus in his history also seconds that viewpoint by saying "not many of his countrymen spoke Greek", and that they found it a difficult language to master, and that he even struggled with it for years.

My point was that Greek was not the only lingua franca, there was an older one that was being eclipsed but still important.

And I mentioned the Targums because it looked to me like you did not know anything about them. The Targums were made for the same problems we have today of people having trouble with Holy Languages, where you need something more modern than King James. In this case, however it is significant because the Targums and other similar translations are in another language, a related one of the same family tree, yet a different language rather than a more modernized one.

The concept of Memra is one thing that shows the importance of the Targums in theology.
MEMRA - JewishEncyclopedia.com

Look, everyone will always speak their native tongue with their own people right because in a general sense that is the common tongue between them so, no one is trying to "overshadow any other lingua franca of the day". The main point is that whatever one native tongue is they will always speak the lingua franca of whoever is in power over the world.

Otherwise I'm not sure what your point has to do with biblical chronology???

Humble Penny · May 26, 2021

Pavel Mosko said:
I was not very exact in post, but I don't see how it is hard to understand.

Aramaic was the mains spoken language of Israel at the time of Christ. Even the NT hints at that with its quotes of the exact words of Christ. Josephus in his history also seconds that viewpoint by saying "not many of his countrymen spoke Greek", and that they found it a difficult language to master, and that he even struggled with it for years.

My point was that Greek was not the only lingua franca, there was an older one that was being eclipsed but still important.

And I mentioned the Targums because it looked to me like you did not know anything about them. The Targums were made for the same problems we have today of people having trouble with Holy Languages, where you need something more modern than King James. In this case, however it is significant because the Targums and other similar translations are in another language, a related one of the same family tree, yet a different language rather than a more modernized one.

The concept of Memra is one thing that shows the importance of the Targums in theology.
MEMRA - JewishEncyclopedia.com

If you read post #9 carefully you'll see that I was proving that the Word of God had not been translated into a foreign tongue until the ptolemaic kingdom whose lingua franca was Greek. So, maybe that's where we lost each other...in any case you would still expect to see koine Greek used primarily in early Hebrew translations long after the ptolemaic dynasty had ended in the time of Christ. Otherwise widespread translations would not be possible until after Christ gave the order for His disciples to go out into all the world and spread the gospel...which would mean that copies of the Law and the Prophets were no longer only for kings to make but, available for the world to copy and use.

visionary · May 26, 2021

Humble Penny said:
This concludes my work. As all can see I have cited each place where I found my information and have been able to prove without a shadow of a doubt the truthfulness of my work. For those who still doubt the authenticity of the Septuagint/LXX remember and understand this proverb:

"God always preserves the truth in order to expose all falsehood."

I've already read the entire Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint for myself so, I've been able to look at the numbers in both; and after checking the numbers in the Antiquities of the Jews, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentatuech, and the genealogical records in the apocryphal books: I found that there is more agreement with the Septuagint numbers and than those found in the later Masoretic Text and other later scrolls.

Even translators have found that the words of Christ and the apostles make much more sense when reading the Septuagint than compared to the Masoretic Text. And when you read the source text for the Septuagint, The Letter of Aristeas, it becomes clear that before the LXX there were no foreign copies of the Hebrew scriptures outside of Israel.

And when you follow the narrative in scripture this is true for The Word of God was with God first; from there it passed to Adam and continued through the line of Seth (as Cain was cursed by God for killing Abel) all the way down to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; from there the Word of God came to Moses on Mount Sinai and was kept safe in the Tabernacle with Aaron and the Levites; next it passed to Joshua and continued through the Judges up to Samuel; and, the Word of God was passed from Samuel the Judge to Saul the king of Israel and remained with Israel until Solomon where the Law was forgotten after his death; the Word of God was rediscovered by king Josiah and obeserved until king Nebuchadnezzar burned the Temple built by Solomon; from here the Word of God is missing until the time of Ezra the scribe whom God commissioned with five other scribes to write for 40 Days and 40 Nights. At the conclusion of this event Ezra and his men had written 94 Books of which God said, "Keep 24 Books for the righteous and sinners to read but, hide away the 70 Books which shall only be revealed to those considered worthy to read them." This story may be found in 2 Esdras 14:19-26; 37-48. The 24 Public Books would be what we have as the old Testament which give more than enough information on what we need to know:

5 Books of the Law of Moses
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Dueteronomy

5 Major Prophets
Psalms¹
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Ezekiel
Daniel

1 Record of Seers²
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephanaiah
Haggai
Zecaraiah
Malachi

9 Books of the History of Israel
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 & 2 Samuel³
1 & 2 Kings⁴
1 & 2 Chronicles⁵
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther

4 Books of Literature⁶
Job
Proverbs
Eccleciastes
Song of Solomon

¹ Psalms is included with the prophets as the priests played instruments in the Temple of God while prophesying. And Jesus also mentioned that they contain prophecies of Him (1 Chronicles 25:1-3 cf. Luke 24:25-27, 44-49).

² The Record of the Seers is a collection of the writings and prophecies of the prophets and what they used to be called during the days of Samuel (see 1 Samuel 9:9 cf. 2 Chronicles 33:19). Therefore the prophets from Hosea to Malachi are combined into one book as they do not cover the same major and distinct prophesies found in the five major prophets.

³ The books of Samuel cover the period of Samuel to Ishbosheth's death and, David's rule so, they should be considered one book.

⁴ The books of the kings cover the time from king David to the Babylonian captivity, the time Cyrus freed the Jews, and commissioned the Temple and Jerusalem to be rebuilt, so, it should be considered one book.

⁵ The chronicles contains an overview from the creation of the world to the Babylonian captivity, the time Cyrus freed the Jews, and commissioned the Temple and Jerusalem to be rebuilt, so, it should be considered one book.

⁶ Literature covers the various poems, songs, wise sayings, narratives, and miscellaneous writings which do not necessarily cover anything in the law, the prophets, or the history of Israel.

The 70 Private Books would contain details left out in the first twenty-four books. And naturally speaking these books would cover the entire history from the creation of the world to the time of Ezra; so, the only things beyond that point would be prophecies concerning the Messiah and the End of the World.

And so we see that from the time of Ezra to Malachi the prophet the Word of God was never given to the nations in their own tongues but remained written in Hebrew. It was not until after the death of Alexander the Great that the Hebrews finally wrote their first translation of the Hebrew scriptures into a foreign language, and this language was that of the Greeks during the time of the Ptolemy's. And history proves that koine Greek was the common language in use during the time of Jesus Christ and His twelve apostles.

I like the way you think and process information. It is interesting about the 70 private books, which I have not heard of. Would they include the Book of Enoch, Jasher, etc?

GedaliahMaegil · May 26, 2021

Pavel Mosko said:
Well there are ...

...

Humble Penny · May 26, 2021

visionary said:
I like the way you think and process information. It is interesting about the 70 private books, which I have not heard of. Would they include the Book of Enoch, Jasher, etc?

Yes they do include those books! And to my knowledge the only other book to mention these same 70 Private Books written by Ezra is the Gospel of Nicodemus. In that book Annas and Caiaphas admit to Pilate that among the first of their seventy books the archangel Gabriel told Seth and Eve that God would not save Adam and his descendants until after 5,500 Years had passed; and they go further in saying that they realized Moses prophesied about Christ by adding up the cubits of the Ark of the Covenant whose sum was 5.5 Cubits which they immediately equated with the aforementioned prophecy (see Gospel of Nicodemus 22:1-14, Life of Adam and Eve 42:1-2 cf. 1 Adam and Eve 3 and Exodus 37:1).

So while I don't know the complete list of the 70 Private Books, the Life of Adam and Eve, 1 & 2 Adam and Eve, 1 Enoch, Jubilees, and Jasher are definitely among them.

Humble Penny · May 26, 2021

visionary said:
I like the way you think and process information. It is interesting about the 70 private books, which I have not heard of. Would they include the Book of Enoch, Jasher, etc?

You know...I was thinking that since we haven't had the Temple for sometime now and the Word of God has spread among the nations...maybe now the way God reveals the seventy books is to guide those whose hearts He sees are ready to accept what is written.

yeshuasavedme · May 26, 2021

visionary said:
I like the way you think and process information. It is interesting about the 70 private books, which I have not heard of. Would they include the Book of Enoch, Jasher, etc?

Enoch was never lost but only to those Jews of first century who decided to make a list of books they “received”, excluding Enoch, because the Son Of Man in Enoch is God the Word, whom they rejected.
Then, the Roman Church followed them -the ones who denied Christ, and cast out Enoch.

Enoch was written for all nations, for all the descendants of Noah, and in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Abraham passed it to the Egyptians, as he wrote in his own records.
The Jews who left Israel for Ethiopia before the temple was burned took their books with them, among which was Enoch. When the Gospel came to those Jews in the first century they did not cast away Enoch, and they kept it intact for all the two millennia and in their sacred books/Bible ever since.

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