The 10 commandments were given (as posted) to: the House of Jacob who's name God changed (Gen 32:28) to Israel. Jacob's children became the Nation of Israel.
Having said that, not being under Mosaic law doesn't mean no rules/law.
Matt 22:
37 Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.
38 This is the first and great commandment.
39 And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
40 On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.
(NOTE: Also see: Mk 12:29, Jn 13:34, 15:12, 1 Jn 3:11, 23, 1 Jn 4:7)
Rom 13:10 Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.
Gal 5:14 For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
If we truly love God & our brother: We won't covet, steal, murder etc.
1 Jn 3:4 Sin is a transgression of the Law:
We've all have broken God's law. No one can say he's not a sinner UNTIL a means is provided (not to take away a the law) but to remove the sin, which is the transgression of the law.
Under the law (God gave Moses, to give, to Israel), compliance invoked blessings (Deut 28:1-14). Non-compliance invoked curses (Deut 28:15-68). When Jesus became a curse (Gal 3:13) He REDEEMED every believers from all non-compliance curses/penalties invoked from breaking the law (Rom 5:20).
When scripture say's you're not under the law. It means the penalties due for non-compliance are no longer levied/imposed. Jesus paid every believers due wage (death). He took all the laws sin invoked judgments/curses upon Himself for us.
Jesus sin atoning payment is found in His: death (sins required wage PAID), burial (proof Jesus died) & resurrection (Fathers receipt, sins payment received & accepted). Is seized/accessed via FAITH (Rom 5:1-2, 10:9-10, Eph 1:13,. 2:8) placed in the faithful, obedient work & resurrection of Jesus the Christ!
Christ's righteousness (Jer 23:6 & 33:16) is imputed/transferred (Rom 4:3-8) onto us & our sins are imputed/transferred onto Christ. While the Temple was operating the High Priest had authority to impute/transfer sin (Lev 16:21).
Christ our Great High Priest (Heb 4:14) has the power to not only impute our sin onto Himself. Our High Priest can also impute His righteousness onto Himself. See Lev 4 & Rom 4 for additional imputation context.
2 Cor 5:21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
(NOTE: We become the righteousness of God thru faith in Christs works)
Lk 16:16 The law and the prophets were until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it.
(MY NOTE: Even for the Jew Mosaic law was preached & in effect, UNTIL, the death & resurrection of Jesus the Christ)
Acts 13:39 And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses.
(MY NOTE: The Mosaic law is just, BUT, can't justify anyone. The law is holy, BUT, can't make anyone holy. The law is righteous, BUT, can't make anyone righteous)
Paul's Holy Spirit inspired writing proclaims:
The law, written & engraved in stones, is an administrator of death (Col 3:7) & a administrator of condemnation (Col 3:9)
2 Cor 3:
6 Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.
MY NOTE: Written to believers (2 Cor 1:1) The letter/law/administers death. But, the NT Holy Spirit's administration is, thru faith, life giving).
7 But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away:
(MY NOTE: Mosaic law was put on notice at Jesus death when the temple veil was torn in 1/2 (Matt 27:51). And retired completely when Jesus sent the eternal life giving Holy Spirit at Pentecost/Acts 2:4)
8 How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious?
9 For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.
(MY NOTE: Context, Mosaic law is an administrator of condemnation. BTW there is NO condemnation in Christ believers/Rom 8:1)
Gal 2:21 do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain.
(MY NOTE: Righteousness isn't accessed/obtained by law keeping)
Gal 3:
19 It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made
(MY NOTE: The law was added & in effect, UNTIL, Christ/the promised seed should come)
23 Before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed
(MY NOTE: BEFORE faith came, the law was in effect)
24 Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith
(MY NOTE: The law is a teacher, it's job/purpose is to identify, expose & condemn sin. Only after we understand & acknowledge we have sinned against our creator God's sovereign rule. Can we by faith be justified = Judicially proclaimed righteous by our sovereign creator God)
25 But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster
(MY NOTE: Once we've acknowledged & confessed our sins. Placed/proclaimed our faith in Christ's sin atoning payment. Found in His death, burial & resurrection (1 Cor 15:1-4). We are no longer under the curses/penalties invoked from breaking the law. (Deut 28:15-60)
Rom 3:20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin.
(MY NOTE: The law teaches/schools/equips us with the knowledge to understand what sin is)
Rom 7:7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid. Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet.
( MY NOTE: The law teaches/reveals sins, lust, covetousness etc)
Rom 3:21 But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets;
(MY NOTE: Written to NT believers (Rom 1:7). The righteousness of God written of by Moses & the prophets is now revealed separate from/without the works of the law)
Rom 10:3 For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.
(MY NOTE: Context vs 1, Israel. Because Israel was going about to establish their own righteousness thru Mosaic law keeping. They had missed/fallen from God's grace)
Rom 10:4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth.
(MY NOTE: Christ ended accessing righteousness thru workslaw keeping)
Gal 3:13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:
Rom 3:24 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus
Rom 6:14 For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace.
(MY NOTE: Sin has NO power over the blood bought believer. BTW: believers aren't perfect, just forgiven)
1 Cor 15:
55 O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?
56 The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law.
57 But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Eph 1:7 In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;
Eph 2:5 Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved)
Eph 2:8 For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God:
(MY NOTE: A GIFT is given, not earned. Having said that, a gift can be rejected) When we accept Gods GIFT of GRACE; mix it with our FAITH in Christ's redemptive sin payment & resurrection. We are SAVED & SEALED with Christ's indwelling Holy Spirit. See: Eph 1:14 & 4:30, 2 Cor 1:22 & 5: Tim 1:14)
Eph 2:9 says, Not of works, lest any man should boast.
(MY NOTE: In regards to salvation our own works are worthless. It's our FAITH placed in God & Christ's FINISHED redemptive work & resurrection)
Rom 11:6 And if by grace, then is it no more of works
Tit 2:11 For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men,
(MY NOTE: Grace has a name it's Jesus Christ)
AMP Bible:
Col 2:13 When you were dead in your sins and in the uncircumcision of your flesh (worldliness, manner of life), God made you alive together with Christ, having [freely] forgiven us all our sins,
(MY NOTE: Written to believers (Col 1:1&6) Christ, having forgiven us ALL our sins)
Col 2:14 having canceled out the [g]certificate of debt consisting of [h]legal demands [which were in force] against us and which were hostile to us. And this certificate He has set aside and completely removed by nailing it to the cross.
Col 2:15 When He had disarmed the rulers and authorities [those supernatural forces of evil operating against us], He made a public example of them [exhibiting them as captives in His triumphal procession], having triumphed over them through the cross.
2 Tim 1:9 Who hath saved us, & called us with an holy calling, "not according to our works" but "according to his own purpose and grace" which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began,
(NOTE: According to HIS own purpose & GRACE. NOT according to our works)
Tit 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Spirit;
(NOTE: Via God's MERCY/grace, thru FAITH in Christ's sin payment & resurrection & the gift of Christ's indwelling Holy Spirit. Not in our own good works or law keeping)
Rom 5:
10 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.
11 And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.
17 much more they which receive abundance of grace & the of "gift of righteousness" shall reign by one, Jesus Christ
18 Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one "free gift came upon all men unto justification" of life. Peace, JJ