Adam died spiritually. His spirit, the God image part was taking away and is with God. In Christ we are given the Holy Spirit as a replacement. That is the spiritual part of Adam's punishment.
The other part was Adam died physically and lost his incorruptible body, and was given a corruptible body.
Did Adam's body drop dead the moment he bit of the forbidden fruit?
You know he didn't. He lived over 900 years.
What you are missing: if Adam's spirit left his body, his body would DROP DEAD, for the human spirit is the LIFE in that body.
Luke 23:46 And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.
Another translation
CJB
Crying out with a loud voice, Yeshua said, “Father! Into your hands I commit my spirit.” With these words he gave up his spirit.
When someone DIES their spirit leaves the body.
Most of the Christian world believes that because of Adam's sin, all people are conceived and birthed with their spirit SEPARATED or DISCONNECTED from God. God call this being spiritually dead. This does not mean dead as in ceasing to exist or dead as in horizontal and no moving. The only meaning of spiritual death is being separated from God.
Since Adam was in that state - separated from God - when children were born, they were all born in the same STATE of spiritual death. As Paul said, through one man's sin, death (both spiritual and physical) came upon the human race.
Now, with all that in mind, are babies born dead physically? (If they had no spirit, they would be still born.)
Gen. 25:8
AMPC
Then Abraham’s spirit was released, and he died at a good (ample, full) old age, an old man, satisfied and satiated, and was gathered to his people.
GNV
Then Abraham yielded the spirit, and died in a good age, an old man, and of great years, and was gathered to his people.
Gen. 25:17
AMPC
And Ishmael lived 137 years; then his spirit left him, and he died and was gathered to his kindred.
GNV
(And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred thirty and seven years, and he yielded up the spirit, and died, and was gathered unto his people.)
Genesis 35:29
AMPC And Isaac’s spirit departed; he died and was gathered to his people, being an old man, satisfied and satiated with days; his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
WEB Isaac gave up the spirit and died, and was gathered to his people, old and full of days. Esau and Jacob, his sons, buried him.
Job 3:11 JUB Why did I not die from the womb? Why did I not give up the spirit when I came out of the belly?
Lam. 1:19 WEB “I called for my lovers, but they deceived me. My priests and my elders gave up the spirit in the city, while they sought food for themselves to refresh their souls. (Other translations say they died or expired.)
Mark 15:39 CJB When the Roman officer who stood facing him saw the way he gave up his spirit, he said, “This man really was a son of God!” [7 other English translations have "spirit." Some have "ghost."]
Acts 5:5 JUB Then Ananias, hearing these words, fell down and gave up the spirit; and great fear came on all those that heard these things.
Acts 12:23 NMB And immediately the angel of the Lord struck him down, because he did not give God the honour. And he was eaten by worms and gave up the spirit.
Some people are so set in what they believe, they can stare at a verse, read the verse, and keep right on believing opposite of what the verse says.
Example: one gentleman said "ONLY GOD can do miracles." Someone showed him the verse where Jesus said that we, the church, would do greater miracles than he did, because He was going back to the Father. He read the verse, then said again: "ONLY GOD can do miracles."
I have shown you verse after verse after verse that states plainly what when someone dies, they yield up their spirit or ghost. Their spirit leaves their body. Will you believe it now, or will you have to wait until you arrive in heaven to know the truth? Our human spirit is what God BREATHED into Adam.
That spirit did not leave Adam when he sinned, else he would have fallen dead. What happened was, ADam's spirit was instantly separated from God.
Have you ever owned a car with a V8 engine? Did you know they can run on only 4 cylinders? I just saw a video of a ford flat head V8 running with one head removed where we could see the pistons moving up and down. It was running on 4 cylinders. We could liken the human spirit without God as running like a V8 with only 4 cylinders firing: it runs, but NO POWER. God designed our human spirit to be connected to HIM. The human spirit can certainly exist and function to give life to bodies being separated from God, but they won't work well: they become a sin generator: as some say, the fallen human "nature."
Adam died physically and lost his incorruptible body, and was given a corruptible body. The truth is, Adam BEGAN to die physically the moment he sinned, but God's creation of the human body was so perfect, Adam lived over 900 years before His body wore out. He was not created with a resurrection body what Jesus has, a flesh and BONE body with no blood. He was created with a flesh and blood body, but since death had not entered, he could have lived forever eating from the tree of life.