When going through the OT prophets, the first thing I like to remember, is that God spoke to the them through visions/riddles/dreams/parables, and NOT in clear language like He did with Moses.
Numbers 12:6-8 He said, “Hear now My words:
If there is a prophet among you, I, the LORD, will reveal Myself to him in a vision; I will speak to him in a dream. But this is not so with My servant Moses;
he is faithful in all My house.
a I speak with him face to face, clearly and not in riddles;he sees the form of the LORD.
Hosea 12:10 spoke through the prophets and multiplied their visions; I gave parables through the prophets.
So when we come to Zechariah, we should remember this is a vision/riddle/dream/parable, and NOT necessarily clear language like what was spoken to Moses.
Therefore, it is through the gospels and epistles that I interpret the parabolic language of the prophets:
1.) The NT declares the living waters is the receiving of the Spirit following the glorification of Christ:
zechariah 14:8
And on that day living water will flow out from Jerusalem, half of it toward the Eastern Sea
b and the other half toward the Western Sea,
c in summer and winter alike
John 7:38-39 Whoever believes in me, as
f the Scripture has said, ‘Out of his heart will flow rivers of
living water.’” Now this he said about the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were to receive, for as yet the Spirit had not been given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.
2.) At Jesus' death, resurrection, and ascension to the Father, He was/is/and will be king over all the earth in all ages.
Zechariah 14:9
And the Lord will be king over all the earth. On that day the Lord will be one and his name one.
Revelation 1:5 and from Jesus Christ the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead,
and the ruler of kings on earth.
ephesians 1:21-22 that he worked in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly places,
far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come.
Matthew 28:18 And Jesus came and said to them, “
All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.
3.) The feasts of Israel, including the feast of Booths, is only a shadow of Christ not the reality. Therefore, IMHO, Zechariah is not pointing toward people literally partaking in the feast of booths, but to Christ, to whom the substance of the feasts belongs to. Otherwise, Paul is directly contradicting zechariah 14.
zechariah 14:16 Then everyone who survives of all the nations that have come against Jerusalem shall go up year after year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts,
and to keep the Feast of Booths.
colossians Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath.
These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ.
4.) Was Jesus directly contradicting the message as found in zechariah 14:7, by claiming a time was coming when they would no longer need to worship in Jerusalem? I don't think so. I believe that the parabolic language of Zechariah 14 is pointing to the heavenly Jerusalem, the new covenant, to which the Body of Christ now comes to.
zechariah 14:17 And if any of the families of the earth do not go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, there will be no rain on them.
John 4:21-23 Jesus said to her, “Woman, believe me,
the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him.
Hebrews 12:22-24
But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to innumerable angels in festal gathering, and to the assembly
a of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous made perfect,
24and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.
I agree with Eusebius (265-339ad) on his commentary on zechariah 14:
" And which were the days after the age of Zechariah, when the spoils of Jerusalem were divided, and all nations were gathered against them in battle, and the city was taken, their houses looted, their women defiled, and they themselves led into captivity, while the Lord was at the same time aiding the nations warring against Jerusalem and drawn up against them? Or when did His feet stand (b) on the Mount of Olives? Or when was the Lord King of all the earth, when was there one Lord over all men, when did His Name encircle the whole earth and the wilderness? It is impossible to argue that this was fulfilled previously to the period of the Romans, in whose time the Jewish Temple was burnt for the second time after its destruction by the Babylonians, and their city from then till now has been inhabited by foreign nations.
And it was when our Lord Jesus, the Christ of God, had (c) visited the olive-grove over against Jerusalem, since the words of the prophecy were fulfilled which said, "His feet shall stand upon the Mount of Olives opposite to Jerusalem," that is, the life of holiness having been established |147 throughout all the world, that all the nations, according to the prophecy, kept the Feast of Tabernacles together in every place to the God of the prophets, and the Egyptians from that time recognizing God erected tents in every town and country place, which mean the local Christian Churches. For the power of our Saviour Jesus Christ has pegged them (d) far better than Moses' tents through the whole world, so that every race of men and all the Gentiles may keep their Feast of Tabernacles to Almighty God.
When, then, we see what was of old foretold for the nations fulfilled in our own day, and when the lamentation and wailing that was predicted for the Jews, and the burning of the Temple and its utter desolation, can also be seen even now to have occurred according to the prediction, surely we must also agree that the King who was prophesied, (413) the Christ of God, has come, since the signs of His coming have been shewn in each instance I have treated to have been clearly fulfilled" (Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica.book 8, chapter 4)
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