Soyeong
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The Lord speaks of the new covenant as being “a better covenant” than the old one. (Hebrews 8:6.) This clearly indicates that the old covenant was not perfect in its provisions. There was weakness in it, and that weakness was to be corrected in the new (the old made better) covenant.
Jeremiah 31 and Hebrews 8 describe the New Covenant as being better in regard to having a superior mediator and being based on better promises, but don't say anything about having better laws, on the contrary the New Covenant still involves following God's law (Jeremiah 31:33 and Hebrews 8:10).
But of the Ten Commandments the Lord declares: “The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple.” Psalms 19:7. “Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good.” Romans 7:12. But the old covenant was imperfect and faulty. Therefore it is evident that the old covenant and the Decalogue, though related, are certainly not identical. The Ten Commandments cannot be the old covenant.
Neither Psalms 19:7 nor Romans 7:12 specify that they are speaking only about the Ten Commandments.
Of the new covenant God says that it was to be “established upon better promises.” Hebrews 8:6. This clearly indicates that some of the promises of the old covenant were poor. These poor promises were made, not by God, but by the people when they promised more than they could perform (all that the Lord said we will do). The fault was “with them,” the Lord declares in verse 8. Their promises were not reliable. The new covenant had better promises, not made by sinful men, but by the Lord Himself.
For example:
Jeremiah 31:35-37 Thus says the Lord, who gives the sun for light by day and the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night, who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar— the Lord of hosts is his name: 36 “If this fixed order departs from before me, declares the Lord, then shall the offspring of Israel cease from being a nation before me forever.” 37 Thus says the Lord: “If the heavens above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth below can be explored, then I will cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done, declares the Lord.”
That is a better promise, but it doesn't imply anything about the promises of the Mosaic Covenant being poor. It is God who gave the terms of the covenant, not the people, and the fault was with the people, not with the terms of the covenant.
But this could not possibly apply to the Ten Commandments, and are clearly declared to be “perfect,” “holy, and just, and good” (9 Romans 7:12). A thing cannot be faulty and perfect at the same time.
God's law is perfect, the fault that God found was that the people did not continue in their covenant (Hebrews 8:9)
Paul declared that the old covenant was “ready to vanish away.” “In that He saith, A new covenant, He hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.” Hebrews 8:13.
But this same apostle states that the law, instead of vanishing away, was definitely established by faith. “Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law.” Romans 3:31. A thing cannot “vanish away” and be established at the same time.
All of God's righteous laws are eternal (Psalms 119:160). For example, it was sinful to commit adultery in Genesis 39:9, long before the Mosaic Covenant was made, during it, and after it has become obsolete, so there is nothing about any of God's covenants being made or becoming obsolete that changes which actions are righteous or sinful. So we can still establish God's eternal law by faith even though the Mosaic Covenant has become obsolete.
Jesus also makes this point clear when He declares: “It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail.” Luke 16:17. Now, heaven and earth have not “passed.” Therefore this is positive evidence that not a jot nor tittle of the law has failed.
No part of it (the Decalogue) has vanished away.
Again, Jesus said nothing to specify that he was speaking only about the Ten Commandments. Jesus made a similar statement in Matthew 5:17-19 in regard to not a jot or a tittle disappearing from the Law and the Prophets, which straightforwardly includes everything in the Law and the Prophets, not just the Ten Commandments.
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