The happy Objectivist

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So then the presuppositionalist (correct?) Will proceed to show why the Biblical worldview supports the above and how you are inconsistent with it, being Athiest.
No, not at all. The above is from my worldview. Apologists tend to find something else to do when they are confronted with the axioms and the primacy of existence.

The presuppositionalists claims that everyone already knows that the Christian God exists but that they suppress that knowledge. The presuppositionalist seeks to prove the existence of the Christiam god by the "impossibility" of the contrary. He seeks to find some failure of non-Christian worldviews rather than argue positively for his.
 
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2PhiloVoid

Get my point, Shelob??
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No, not at all. The above is from my worldview. Apologists tend to find something else to do when they are confronted with the axioms and the primacy of existence.

The presuppositionalists claims that everyone already knows that the Christian God exists but that they suppress that knowledge. The presuppositionalist seeks to prove the existence of the Christiam god by the "impossibility" of the contrary. He seeks to find some failure of non-Christian worldviews rather than argue positively for his.

Hey now! One doesn't have to be a presuppositionalist to find failure in non-Christian worldviews.... :ebil:
 
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Olmhinlu

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No. "True in itself" is an intrisicist term. My worldview rejects both the intrinsic view of truth and the subjective view of truth. Truth does not exist in reality apart from the mind and it does not exist in the mind apart from reality. On my view truth exists in the relationship between the contents of the mind and the facts of reality, hence its dependence on the primacy of existence principle. This is the objective view of truth. The view that the objects of consciousness have primacy over the subject of consciousness or to put it more concretely, wishing doesn't make things so. Facts do not care about your feelings.

I would almost consider 'truth' a synonym for 'reality', but if you don't want to, that's fine - let me try to rephrase my question: are those 3 your only axioms/presuppositions?
 
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Tone

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The above is from my worldview

Yeah, that's their point, you can't help but align your worldview which is consistent with what is revealed of the Creator in the Bible.

everyone already knows that the Christian God exists

I think it's more a matter of showing how what exists lines up with the Biblical God and, as His Creatures, we cannot help but agree if we stay honest and consistent.

prove the existence of the Christiam god by the "impossibility" of the contrary.

The law of non-contradiction is used to show why relativism didn't work.

find some failure of non-Christian worldviews rather than argue positively for his

It's more about the failure of consistency from those who do not acknowledge the "really real" nature of the Biblical worldview.

When you get down to the axioms, as you pointed out...the fundamentals, it is clearly evident that there is a Creator.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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Epistemology is a complex subject, as you've so very well illustrated with profuse assertions and details. I'd also offer to you that it can be complicated ... too.
And highly technical.

And if there's one axiom that I think is true, it's that no one single person knows everything, has the perfect epistemology, or is equipped with the genius to solve all of humanities problems.

This is not an axiom. An axiom is conceptually irreducible. Your axiom "no one single person knows everything, has the perfect epistemology, or is equipped with the genius to solve all of humanities problems.", is not conceptually irreducible. That means it rests on prior knowledge. A true, philosophical axiom identifies the foundation of knowledge, therefore it can not rest on prior knowledge. Also, philosophical axioms identify facts that are perceptually self evident. your "axiom" is not self evident, in fact your axiom is an inductive generalization, which means it's a higher level abstraction, not a self evident primary.


Do you think that's an axiom that might need to be added to those you've already collected? [Actually, that might be three axioms, but I'll not press the issue ... ;) ]

No, I don't because as I've already pointed out it's not an axiom. Not only that but it's based on an irrational standard of knowledge: Omniscience. I hold as my standard of knowledge the facts of reality and the type of consciousness that man possesses. It's precisely because man does not know everything and is fallible and imperfect that he needs a method like logic to guide his reasoning and a good theory of concepts to teach him how to use his conceptual faculty. He also needs a principle that identifies the proper orientation of his consciousness to reality, one that teaches him to distinguish between the real and the imaginary, fact from fantasy. And he needs an objective starting point to ground his knowledge in reality. Objectivism supplies all of these things.

What is the Christian theory of concepts? Where does the Bible discuss concepts. Where does the Bible tell you what a concept is, How it's formed, the purpose of concepts, how concepts are validated, Why measurement omission is a crucial step in forming them, what the relationship between concepts and reality is, what commensurate qualities are, what the conceptual common denominator is, and the purpose and method of defining them? And what is the Bible's position on metaphysical primacy?

Now I've looked long and hard and I can't find one. In fact I can not even find one instance of the word concept in the Bible much less a theory of concepts.
As for Ayn Rand, if you think you can bring her here and use her as a battering ram against all forms and notions of the Christian faith or Christian thought--or even against other, non-Christian philosophers and atheists--you might have another axiom to consider.
Oh really. What would that be?
So, tell me: What's your background in Philosophy proper? You sound fairly articulate. Are you degreed in Philosophy, or is it kind of a passing hobby of import for you?

I don't see how any of that is relevant. As for my interest in philosophy, I need it to live.
Also, if you want me to read something, then you'll need to do the same in return for me. In case you do, or in case anyone else does, here's a little something to start us off:

The System that Wasn't There: Ayn Rand's Failed Philosophy (and why it matters) -Nicholas McGinnis - The Rotman Institute of Philosophy

I already have read it. I've read as many criticisms of Objectivism as I can find though I haven't read them all. After a while, a pattern starts to develop.

First off I'd like to thank you for picking such a fair and unbiased critique. It fairly drips with contempt for Ayn Rand.

"There are so many of these organizations it is hard to keep track. Apart from the Atlas Society, there is the Ayn Rand Institute, the Nathaniel Branden Institute, the Anthem Foundation and the Institute for Objectivist Studies. Numerous libertarian think-tanks, like the Cato Institute, promote Rand. Campus groups–which receive funding from objectivist foundations–are everywhere, promoting Rand via slick newsletters". Wow, sinister stuff. How dare those people form organizations to promote ideas that they believe in and fund them with voluntary donations. And there are campus groups which receive funding from objectivist foundations? Say it ain't so.

"The fantastically rich find in Rand’s celebration of individual achievement a kindred spirit, and support her work with pecuniary enthusiasm: in 1999, McGill University turned down a million-dollar endowment from wealthy businessman Gilles Tremblay, who had given the money in the hopes of creating a chair dedicated to the the study of her work." Oh how horrible. Celebrating individual acheivement? What was Rand thinking in this age full of hatred of the good, for being the good. Didn't she get the memo? And imagine donating a million dollars of one's own money to endow a chair of Objectivist studies at an institute of learning, creating jobs for academics and graduate students and offering an alternative to the irrationality of postmodern philosophy. This is just beyond the pale!

"Rand literally ends her most famous novel, Atlas Shrugged, with the dollar sign replacing the sign of the cross, traced in the air" This is an out and out lie. She doesn't end the novel with Galt replacing the sign of the Cross. There's no mention of the sign of the cross. The dollar sign is the symbol of the people of Galt's Gulch not of the country as a whole. This is simply absurd. The Gold dollar sign that hangs over the gulch started out as a Joke. It was a gift to the owner of the valley from Franscisco D'anconia ( my favorite character of all time). The owner, Midas Mulligan, liked it and took it as his symbol, and then it was adopted as such by the rest of the people of Galt's Gulch because they saw it as a symbol of productive achievement and economic freedom which they held as supreme values.

"Rand’s books have sold in the millions, never quite losing steam in the half-century since publication. A now-infamous Library of Congress survey placed Atlas Shrugged as the second-most influential book in America, trailing only the Bible". Wow, this guy is really butthurt that Ayn Rand's books are selling like hotcakes nearly 40 years after her death and that people find her book nearly as influential as the Bible.

The other way [of approaching Objectivism] in[sic] is via her ‘system’ of philosophy: resolutely materialistic, godless, and rationalistic. It proceeds largely from a set of basic axioms (‘existence’, ‘identity’, ‘consciousness’)
Another out and out lie. Objectivism is not materialistic. We hold as one of our founding principles the axiom of consciousness. Materialism denies the axiom of consciousness. Nowhere in any of her writings and in the writings of other objectivists will you find support for this piece of slander. Objectivism holds that existence exists and nowhere does objectivism hold that only material things exist. Concepts exist but they are not material. Time exists but time is not material. consciousness exists but consciousness is not material. It is true that Objectivism is atheistic and with good reason. The rest of this is a steaming pile of bovine excrement. Objectivism is not Rationalistic. Ayn Rand once said that rationalism was a disease. What Objectivism promotes is reason on the basis of the perception of reality. Rationalism is reason without reference to reality.

And one more blatant lie. "Rand, in the same 1957 interview with Mike Wallace linked above, described herself as the most creative thinker alive." Where does she do this? Timestamp, please. I've watched that interview dozens of times over the years and this is simply not true.

Here is the interview so readers may judge for themselves:

Now there's no excuse for this. Apparently this author took a "glance' at the wikipedia article on Rand even though her writings have been out there starting in the 1930's and many of them are available for a pittance at used bookstores. Shame. Shame. Shame. How about reading from her original writings instead of glancing at wikipedia.

I thought there was a prohibition in Christianity about lying. In fact, I remember a commandment......Oh yes, "Thou shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor". That's precisely what this author has done and what you have done 2philovoid. Because of what you've perpetrated here, you are no longer deserving of my time. I won't deal with dishonest people.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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Yeah, that's their point, you can't help but align your worldview which is consistent with what is revealed of the Creator in the Bible.

But my worldview is not consistent with what is in the Bible. The Bible affirms metaphysical subjectivism. Objectivism is consistent throughout with Metaphysical Objectivism. I think you skipped your homework.


I think it's more a matter of showing how what exists lines up with the Biblical God and, as His Creatures, we cannot help but agree if we stay honest and consistent.
But it doesn't. Not at all. If I'm to be honest and consistent then I must stay true to the axioms and the primacy of existence. Honesty is the recognition of reality as it is and not how we'd like it to be.


The law of non-contradiction is used to show why relativism didn't work.
That's fine, but irrelevant. I'm not a relativist.

When you get down to the axioms, as you pointed out...the fundamentals, it is clearly evident that there is a Creator.
No, it's not. The notion of a creator assumes the primacy of consciousness which is false. it also rests on stolen concepts. It also equivocates on the meaning of the concept "create"
 
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The happy Objectivist

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I would almost consider 'truth' a synonym for 'reality', but if you don't want to, that's fine - let me try to rephrase my question: are those 3 your only axioms/presuppositions?
If by presuppositions you mean ideas taken on faith then I don't have any. The dictionary defines a presupposition as a thing tacitly assumed. We don't tacitly assume our starting point. We state it explicitly and validate it. There are three primary axioms and a few corollary axioms.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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@The happy Objectivist

Nice bike btw, I have the same bag!

:ok:
I love that bag. Unfortunately, the zipper on the top is worn out and I can't zip it closed and the roads I ride on are dry and very dusty. I'll get a new one soon and keep the old one for a loaner. The gravel bike has changed my life. It has opened up a whole new world of riding. A few weeks ago my car was in the shop more about a week and a half. So I took my packages to the post office every day on the bike and made several separate trips to get groceries. I had a blast and I lost about five pounds. It's a 12 mile round trip.
 
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2PhiloVoid

Get my point, Shelob??
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And highly technical.



This is not an axiom. An axiom is conceptually irreducible. Your axiom "no one single person knows everything, has the perfect epistemology, or is equipped with the genius to solve all of humanities problems.", is not conceptually irreducible. That means it rests on prior knowledge. A true, philosophical axiom identifies the foundation of knowledge, therefore it can not rest on prior knowledge. Also, philosophical axioms identify facts that are perceptually self evident. your "axiom" is not self evident, in fact your axiom is an inductive generalization, which means it's a higher level abstraction, not a self evident primary.




No, I don't because as I've already pointed out it's not an axiom. Not only that but it's based on an irrational standard of knowledge: Omniscience. I hold as my standard of knowledge the facts of reality and the type of consciousness that man possesses. It's precisely because man does not know everything and is fallible and imperfect that he needs a method like logic to guide his reasoning and a good theory of concepts to teach him how to use his conceptual faculty. He also needs a principle that identifies the proper orientation of his consciousness to reality, one that teaches him to distinguish between the real and the imaginary, fact from fantasy. And he needs an objective starting point to ground his knowledge in reality. Objectivism supplies all of these things.

What is the Christian theory of concepts? Where does the Bible discuss concepts. Where does the Bible tell you what a concept is, How it's formed, the purpose of concepts, how concepts are validated, Why measurement omission is a crucial step in forming them, what the relationship between concepts and reality is, what commensurate qualities are, what the conceptual common denominator is, and the purpose and method of defining them? And what is the Bible's position on metaphysical primacy?

Now I've looked long and hard and I can't find one. In fact I can not even find one instance of the word concept in the Bible much less a theory of concepts.
Oh really. What would that be?


I don't see how any of that is relevant. As for my interest in philosophy, I need it to live.


I already have read it. I've read as many criticisms of Objectivism as I can find though I haven't read them all. After a while, a pattern starts to develop.

First off I'd like to thank you for picking such a fair and unbiased critique. It fairly drips with contempt for Ayn Rand.

"There are so many of these organizations it is hard to keep track. Apart from the Atlas Society, there is the Ayn Rand Institute, the Nathaniel Branden Institute, the Anthem Foundation and the Institute for Objectivist Studies. Numerous libertarian think-tanks, like the Cato Institute, promote Rand. Campus groups–which receive funding from objectivist foundations–are everywhere, promoting Rand via slick newsletters". Wow, sinister stuff. How dare those people form organizations to promote ideas that they believe in and fund them with voluntary donations. And there are campus groups which receive funding from objectivist foundations? Say it ain't so.

"The fantastically rich find in Rand’s celebration of individual achievement a kindred spirit, and support her work with pecuniary enthusiasm: in 1999, McGill University turned down a million-dollar endowment from wealthy businessman Gilles Tremblay, who had given the money in the hopes of creating a chair dedicated to the the study of her work." Oh how horrible. Celebrating individual acheivement? What was Rand thinking in this age full of hatred of the good, for being the good. Didn't she get the memo? And imagine donating a million dollars of one's own money to endow a chair of Objectivist studies at an institute of learning, creating jobs for academics and graduate students and offering an alternative to the irrationality of postmodern philosophy. This is just beyond the pale!

"Rand literally ends her most famous novel, Atlas Shrugged, with the dollar sign replacing the sign of the cross, traced in the air" This is an out and out lie. She doesn't end the novel with Galt replacing the sign of the Cross. There's no mention of the sign of the cross. The dollar sign is the symbol of the people of Galt's Gulch not of the country as a whole. This is simply absurd. The Gold dollar sign that hangs over the gulch started out as a Joke. It was a gift to the owner of the valley from Franscisco D'anconia ( my favorite character of all time). The owner, Midas Mulligan, liked it and took it as his symbol, and then it was adopted as such by the rest of the people of Galt's Gulch because they saw it as a symbol of productive achievement and economic freedom which they held as supreme values.

"Rand’s books have sold in the millions, never quite losing steam in the half-century since publication. A now-infamous Library of Congress survey placed Atlas Shrugged as the second-most influential book in America, trailing only the Bible". Wow, this guy is really butthurt that Ayn Rand's books are selling like hotcakes nearly 40 years after her death and that people find her book nearly as influential as the Bible.

The other way [of approaching Objectivism] in[sic] is via her ‘system’ of philosophy: resolutely materialistic, godless, and rationalistic. It proceeds largely from a set of basic axioms (‘existence’, ‘identity’, ‘consciousness’)
Another out and out lie. Objectivism is not materialistic. We hold as one of our founding principles the axiom of consciousness. Materialism denies the axiom of consciousness. Nowhere in any of her writings and in the writings of other objectivists will you find support for this piece of slander. Objectivism holds that existence exists and nowhere does objectivism hold that only material things exist. Concepts exist but they are not material. Time exists but time is not material. consciousness exists but consciousness is not material. It is true that Objectivism is atheistic and with good reason. The rest of this is a steaming pile of bovine excrement. Objectivism is not Rationalistic. Ayn Rand once said that rationalism was a disease. What Objectivism promotes is reason on the basis of the perception of reality. Rationalism is reason without reference to reality.

And one more blatant lie. "Rand, in the same 1957 interview with Mike Wallace linked above, described herself as the most creative thinker alive." Where does she do this? Timestamp, please. I've watched that interview dozens of times over the years and this is simply not true.

Here is the interview so readers may judge for themselves:

Now there's no excuse for this. Apparently this author took a "glance' at the wikipedia article on Rand even though her writings have been out there starting in the 1930's and many of them are available for a pittance at used bookstores. Shame. Shame. Shame. How about reading from her original writings instead of glancing at wikipedia.

I thought there was a prohibition in Christianity about lying. In fact, I remember a commandment......Oh yes, "Thou shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor". That's precisely what this author has done and what you have done 2philovoid. Because of what you've perpetrated here, you are no longer deserving of my time. I won't deal with dishonest people.

Oh my. Well, I guess you told me ... and then split. That's an interesting praxis you have there. :ahah:
 
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Olmhinlu

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If by presuppositions you mean ideas taken on faith then I don't have any. The dictionary defines a presupposition as a thing tacitly assumed. We don't tacitly assume our starting point. We state it explicitly and validate it. There are three primary axioms and a few corollary axioms.

The first two definitions of 'presupposition' in my dictionary don't appear to include tacitness, while the third does. I didn't think of it that way. Anyway - how do you validate your axioms?

Also... If not faith, what are your ideas (other than your axioms) based on?

EDIT: I also think I have a better idea of what you mean by presuppositional apologetics now. I think I generally agree with you. I wasn't sure if 'unethical' was an apt descriptor, but on reflection, I think the technique may indeed be (especially if employed against somebody without the kind of verbal skills required to detect and process it, and the debating chops to handle it).

EDIT 2: I do think there is merit in apologists being wary of falling into the unspoken assumptions of the worldview of whoever they talk to. I don't think the debate style you described is the best countermeasure.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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The first two definitions of 'presupposition' in my dictionary don't appear to include tacitness, while the third does. I didn't think of it that way. Anyway - how do you validate your axioms?
Yeah, dictionaries vary. They report on how people use words so the definitions drift over time. I've noticed that the definition of faith had changed a lot during my lifetime.

Validation of axioms is the easiest of all, sense perception. Just look at reality. Do things exist? Is there a reality? Are things what they are or are they something other than what they are? When you are conscious are you conscious of something or are you conscious of nothing?
Also... If not faith, what are your ideas (other than your axioms) based on?
The facts of reality. Observation and induction. That's how the vast majority of new knowledge is acquired by man. Induction is essentially a process of abstraction.

EDIT 2: I do think there is merit in apologists being wary of falling into the unspoken assumptions of the worldview of whoever they talk to. I don't think the debate style you described is the best countermeasure.
Yes, I agree. That's what thinking in essentials means, to reduce an idea to its base premises and then check to see if one of them violates an axiom. It's a powerful tool. Contradictions are a lot easier to see at the level of the axioms.
 
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Tone

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But my worldview is not consistent with what is in the Bible. The Bible affirms metaphysical subjectivism. Objectivism is consistent throughout with Metaphysical Objectivism. I think you skipped your homework.


But it doesn't. Not at all. If I'm to be honest and consistent then I must stay true to the axioms and the primacy of existence. Honesty is the recognition of reality as it is and not how we'd like it to be.


That's fine, but irrelevant. I'm not a relativist.

No, it's not. The notion of a creator assumes the primacy of consciousness which is false. it also rests on stolen concepts. It also equivocates on the meaning of the concept "create"

Well, I didn't say whether I agreed/disagreed, it's just that I read Francis Schaeffer's complete works and that is his approach.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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Wow, same thing happened with mine and I've had it less than 6 months!
I've had mine for about 5 years. I don't use it on every ride. I have a lot of bags and panniers depending on what I need to carry. When I saw it at REI, I thought that's cool with the dovetail mount but when I saw the fold-out panniers I had to have it. I wonder if it would be possible to take it to a seamstress to be fixed. There is a Bikepacking bag maker near my home. I bet they could fix it. Or better, yet, make me one to my specs. Then I could just take the dovetail plate off the bottom and attach it to the custom one. Thier stuff is extremely well made and waterproof and they use heavy-duty zippers. I think my zipper broke because I was trying to stuff too much stuff in it.

So, what kind of bike do you ride?
 
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Jok

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a response to claims of empiricism or such, as taking precedence to faith-based claims. It is merely to point out that there is a presupposition there too, so that precedence cannot really be established. It is a way to counter the attempts to invalidate a faith claim based upon another claim ultimately resting on faith;
One must just be careful, as there is a lot of confusion around the quotidian use of on faith and the idea of Faith as a Christian virtue; and this is exploited by the unscrupulous on occasion.
Do you know of any concrete way to tie down the accurate usage of the word Faith in the scriptures, and how it might contrast with how people use the word today? Recently the best that I came across was a 13th & 14th century AD English definition. I mostly find that the word today is used to mean an absence of evidence, but something is off about that meaning because we have Biblical characters who are credited with having legendary amounts of faith yet they had way more proof of God than any of us do today.

And it is also sometimes said by a person “A deeper study of scripture strengthened my faith.” More knowledge increased the person’s faith. Well that wouldn’t make sense if faith means absence of evidence, in that case it would make more sense if someone were to say “My memory really sucks and I forgot my reasons for believing in God, but since I still believe in God it means that my faith is much stronger now.” And Faith meaning absence of evidence wouldn’t make sense in science & engineering either since the most knowledgeable person who designed a sturdy bridge would have the most faith in it because her knowledge of its sturdiness was the greatest! The different ways that the word is used are contradictory.

Edit -
On second thought there could be no contradiction if I let Faith in all circumstances mean “It has my full confidence.” So that person A can say “It has my full confidence because I know so much about it” and person B can say “It has my full confidence even though I know almost nothing about it” and both would be using the word properly. However if that’s true then the word Faith would become too ambiguous to use as a critique against someone’s believing in something.
 
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2PhiloVoid

Get my point, Shelob??
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I've had mine for about 5 years. I don't use it on every ride. I have a lot of bags and panniers depending on what I need to carry. When I saw it at REI, I thought that's cool with the dovetail mount but when I saw the fold-out panniers I had to have it. I wonder if it would be possible to take it to a seamstress to be fixed. There is a Bikepacking bag maker near my home. I bet they could fix it. Or better, yet, make me one to my specs. Then I could just take the dovetail plate off the bottom and attach it to the custom one. Thier stuff is extremely well made and waterproof and they use heavy-duty zippers. I think my zipper broke because I was trying to stuff too much stuff in it.

So, what kind of bike do you ride?

I only ride exorcise bikes ...
 
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Caliban

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And it is also sometimes said by a person “A deeper study of scripture strengthened my faith.” More knowledge increased the person’s faith.
That depends on how one studies the text. If you study as an insider, you will likely overlook contradictions and illogical issues. If you study as an outsider, you will see things you did not before. I have done both and a study of the text as an outsider changed my belief away from the faith. The outsider perspective is used in scholarly work to try to look at a subject dispassionately and objectively. When this is done with religious texts, some people will have their presuppositions changed. It works both ways, but I think protracted scholarly work at he PhD level tends to have a very liberalizing effect when studying source criticism and textual criticism. Not as much when studying for a Divinity degree. That's the difference between the Insider/Outsider approaches.
 
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Jok

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That depends on how one studies the text. If you study as an insider, you will likely overlook contradictions and illogical issues. If you study as an outsider, you will see things you did not before. I have done both and a study of the text as an outsider changed my belief away from the faith. The outsider perspective is used in scholarly work to try to look at a subject dispassionately and objectively. When this is done with religious texts, some people will have their presuppositions changed. It works both ways, but I think protracted scholarly work at he PhD level tends to have a very liberalizing effect when studying source criticism and textual criticism. Not as much when studying for a Divinity degree. That's the difference between the Insider/Outsider approaches.
I know what you mean about reading from the inside or from the outside perspective, like reading it in the context of trying to understand its harmony vs reading it with critical eyes to expose it. But in a way reading it in the first mode could also affect the second mode automatically, if I can not find cohesion in the Bible while optimistically reading it from the inside (1st mode) it will start to wake up the second mode of critical eyes inside of me. I will start saying to myself “The story doesn’t even add up from the inside so how credible can this be?” If however I am optimistically reading it in the first mode, and I find it to be harmonizing nicely then it will keep my critical second mode from waking up. So my critical mode will at least get to think to itself “Well we do have cohesion going on here so that is something that is promising!”
 
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Caliban

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I know what you mean about reading from the inside or from the outside perspective, like reading it in the context of trying to understand its harmony vs reading it with critical eyes to expose it. But in a way reading it in the first mode could also affect the second mode automatically, if I can not find cohesion in the Bible while optimistically reading it from the inside (1st mode) it will start to wake up the second mode of critical eyes inside of me. I will start saying to myself “The story doesn’t even add up from the inside so how credible can this be?” If however I am optimistically reading it in the first mode, and I find it to be harmonizing nicely then it will keep my critical second mode from waking up. So my critical mode will at least get to think to itself “Well we do have cohesion going on here so that is something that is promising!”
Training the inner critic is important when exploring truth claims. The best way of thinking about this is to consider a text from a religion you do not believe in. When I read the Koran the first time, I did not read it as an insider, I had no theological operating system, and I had no cultural connection to the Middle East in the 6th Century. Reading it did not compel faith or devotion in me. It was the same when I read the Enuma Elish and The Epic of Gilgamesh. But when I read the Bible as an eight year old; I did so under the cultural umbrella that it was true. I read it as an insider. It is very difficult to see the blindspots in our own thinking when we read as an insider. Looming for harmonious ways to resolve contradictions is a sign that one is culturally bound to seeing the text as true and reliable. It usually leads to confirmation bias.
 
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