It would seem there are basically two schools of thought:
1) That God wants people to be saved.
2) That God wants to keep as many people from being saved as possible.
Whenever we speak as though salvation is some kind of quiz where we have get all the answers right, or that we have to get all our t's crossed and i's dotted, that's basically saying God is a bouncer trying to keep as many people out of heaven as possible. Only the Very Special Few get to be saved, and everyone else gets eternally screwed over because they didn't happen to believe the right things, or have the right religion, or perform the right set of hand gestures that one really weird summer back in high school.
However, the theme throughout the Bible, and the persistent theme throughout most of the leading theologians and doctors throughout the history of the Christian Church is that God is very much pro-salvation. St. Paul writes in 1 Timothy 4:10 that God is the "Savior of all men, especially of those that believe". Salvation isn't some exclusive club that people get to join by knowing the right people, or having been born at the right time or place. Salvation is what God has for the entire world, through Jesus, and it really is for everyone (no exceptions).
Hell is not what happens when people can't pass a theology exam, or because they happen to have been born at the wrong time or place, or something like that.
God doesn't send people to hell. Neither does God sit and twiddle His thumbs waiting for people to come to Him, or else too bad, they get to go to hell. And we all just have to say "Too bad, so sad."
God is pro-active, God is the One who comes down, meets us, encounters us, and is at work in the world to accomplish His gracious work. That's why Christ told His Church to preach the Gospel, and to baptize. Because God is actually at work through Word and Sacrament to take hold of us and bring to us all of these gifts. So what about those who don't hear the word? What about those who weren't baptized? (etc) Well here's the thing, it's not for you, me, anyone to say. We can say, "Yes, God works through these means, He has promised this and we can trust this" But that does not mean that God is somehow constrained, as though His arms are tied behind His back.
In the Lutheran tradition we recognize the Ordered Means (for example, fire burns, it's what it does), and that is what we as the Church preach (that God chooses to work and to save through His Word and Sacraments giving us faith and joining Christ and His work to us). But there is also the Extraordinary, for example we read in the story of Daniel's companions that they were thrown into a fiery furnace for refusing to bend the knee to Nebuchadnezzar, and what happens? They don't burn. How can this be? How can fire which by its very ordered means as fire burns not burn these men? Because here, in this extraordinary circumstance, by God's Absolute Power the fire did not burn, and those men came out of the fire unharmed. It is God's prerogative, as God, by His absolute power to do whatever He will do. If He, by His absolute power, has so willed it that ultimately and in the end literally everyone is saved, then glory and thanks be to God. Indeed, this has been the hope and prayer of the Christian Church throughout time.
But as Christians we can't speak about what we do not know, about what God has not said. We have the word, that here through these Means, which God has instituted in His Church, His saving power goes forth throughout the world. That is what we preach. But our preaching is not that God is limited to what He has given and revealed, only that we cannot speak beyond what has been given.
It would therefore be incredibly wrong to claim that those millions who suffered so abhorrently at the hands of tyrants, and who died in those death camps are in hell simply because they never professed the Christian religion. Such judgment belongs to no man.
The honest answer is that we simply cannot know who is and isn't saved. That knowledge does not belong to us, to anyone. Anyone who would claim to know is either arrogant, a liar, or both.
If you want to ask me, personally, what I think? I think that God is good, and I have faith that the One who promises to save me by His mercy is the same One to all those who have suffered and died at the hands of evil tyrants throughout ages, and indeed toward all men. I have confidence that the God who was at work through Abraham, the God of promises, the God who rescued the children of Jacob from Egypt and gave them promises of a land of milk and honey is not a God who would betray Jacob's children in their darkest hour. I have confidence that the God who loves the world, who desires to save the world, is a God who very much is invested in you, me, and everyone else who has ever lived. And I have trust that the God who says He would save me, is quite competent to save anyone and everyone. I put my trust in God's mercy, not just for myself, but for my neighbor, for my friends, my family, and indeed for everyone.
I don't know what everything is going to look like at the end. But I have faith that the good and kind God, that I know through Jesus to be a kind and gentle Father, is not a God who turns His back upon this world which He has made.
-CryptoLutheran