the inhabitants of the world: θέατρον ἐγενήθημεν τῷ κόσμῳ καί ἀγγέλοις καί ἀνθρώποις,
1 Corinthians 4:9 (Winers Grammar, 127 (121)); particularly the inhabitants of the earth, men, the human race (first so in Sap. (e. g. )):
Matthew 13:38;
Matthew 18:7;
Mark 14:9;
John 1:10, 29 ( L in brackets); ;
Romans 3:6, 19;
1 Corinthians 1:27f (cf. Winer's Grammar, 189 (178)); ;
2 Corinthians 5:19;
James 2:5 (cf. Winer's Grammar, as above);
1 John 2:2 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 577 (536)); ἀρχαῖος κόσμος, of the antediluvians,
2 Peter 2:5;
Thayer's lexicon also confirms that "ge" in 2 peter 3, does not mean earth has a whole, but earth as opposed to the heavens, specifically, things and/or beings that are on the earth; things of the earthly nature.
the earth as opposed to the heavens:
Matthew 5:18, 35;
Matthew 6:10;
Matthew 16:19;
Matthew 18:18;
Matthew 24:35;
Mark 13:31;
Luke 2:14;
John 12:32;
Acts 2:19;
Acts 4:24;
2 Peter 3:5, 7, 10, 13;
Revelation 21:1;
τά ἐπί τῆς γῆς the things and beings that are on the earth,
Ephesians 1:10;
Colossians 1:16 (T WH omit; L Tr brackets τά); involving a suggestion of mutability, frailty, infirmity, alike in thought and in action,
Matthew 6:19; τά ἐπί τῆς γῆς (equivalent to τά ἐπίγεια,
Philippians 3:19) terrestrial goods, pleasures, honors,
Colossians 3:2 (opposed to τά ἄνω); τά μέλη ὑμῶν τά ἐπί τῆς γῆς the members of your earthly body, as it were the abode and instruments of corrupt desires,
Colossians 3:5; ὁ ὤν ἐκ τῆς γῆς ... λαλεῖ (in contrast with Christ as having come from heaven) he who is of earthly (human) origin, has an earthly nature, and speaks as his earthly origin and nature prompt,
John 3:31.
This is in complete agreement with @parousia70 statement on the meaning of 'heaven and earth', as well as the meaning of "elements".
"Again, the "passing of heavens and earth" is classic Language the prophets employed over and over to discuss the fall of kingdoms throughout the OT...
The heaven and earth God "laid the foundation of" when He formed the nation of Israel in the wilderness most certainly passed away with a great Noise, when the Lord of the Vineyard came and was the stone that ground them to powder in 66-70:
Isaiah 51:16
And I have put My words in your mouth; I have covered you with the shadow of My hand, That I may plant the heavens, Lay the foundations of the earth, And say to Zion, ‘You are My people.’ ”
By using scripture to interpret scripture, we can clearly see that the destruction of Jerusalem is associated with the passing away of the 'heavens and earth'
Revelation has the earth and heavens being removed at the time the of the fulfillment of hosea where they cry out for the moutains and rocks to fall on us and cover us.
Revelation 6:12-17 When he opened the sixth seal, I looked, and behold, there was a great earthquake, and the sun became black as sackcloth, the full moon became like blood, and the stars of the sky fell to the earth as the fig tree sheds its winter fruit when shaken by a gale. The sky vanished like a scroll that is being rolled up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place. Then the kings of the earth and the great ones and the generals and the rich and the powerful, and everyone, slave
d and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains, calling to the mountains and rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of him who is seated on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb, for the great day of their wrath has come, and who can stand?”
This is in agreement with Jesus quoting the exact same passage of hosea as being fulfilled upon the destruction of Jerusalem.
Luke 23:28-30 But turning to them Jesus said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’ Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us,’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us.’
This is in agreement with Jesus using the same language from the 6th seal about sun being darkened, the moon, not giving its light, and the stars falling in association with the destruction of Jerusalem.
Matthew 24:29 “Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
Thayer's greek lexicon disgarees with your position on how earth should be interpreted here.
Thayer's does not include 2 peter 3 either of it's references to the world
4. the earth as a whole, the world (Latinterrarumorbis);
b. the inhabited earth, the abode of men and animals: Luke 21:35; Acts 1:8; Acts 10:12; Acts 11:6; Acts 17:26; Hebrews 11:13; Revelation 3:10; αἴρειν ζωήν τίνος or τινα ἀπό τῆς γῆς, Acts 8:33; Acts 22:22; κληρονομεῖν τήν γῆν (see κληρονομέω, 2), Matthew 5:5 (4); πῦρ βάλλειν ἐπί (Rec. εἰς) τήν γῆν, i. e. among men, Luke 12:49, cf. Luke 12:51 and Matthew 10:34; ἐπί τῆς γῆς among men, Luke 18:8; John 17:4.
As shown above, Thayer's includes the use of 'ge' in 2 peter 3 in regards to things of the earth, which is consistant with the usage of kosmos being the inhabitants of the earth and not the whole world itself, thus Peter differentiates between the heavens and earth that existed before the world, the heavens and earth that he was presently existing in, and the new heavens and earth he looked forward to.
Help's word studies doesn't include 2 Peter 3 in the definition of the "whole world"
"The physical earth (1093 /gḗ) is the temporary, probationary place to live out moral preferences "through the body," i.e. as free moral agents (cf. 2 Cor 5:1-10). In this way, God makes an eternal record of everything we do on the earth. Through faith, each scene of life becomes equally, eternally significant (cf. Mt 13:31,32,17:20; cf. also Lk 16:10; Lk 17:6; 2 Pet 1:1)."