Sure, yeah
Fair warning, I find it challenging to be brief when talking about the Sacraments, but I'll at least stick to only comparing the Roman Catholic understanding and the Lutheran understanding of the Eucharist in light of Apostolicity. However, I'd need to lay some foundation for context so please bear with me.
Whenever we compare doctrine, we have to appreciate that words have different meanings in different church bodies, and the Eucharist, as with any other doctrine or article of faith, is part of a larger theological system. So, it wouldn't make sense to rip out the doctrine on the Eucharist in one system and force it into a different system as it wouldn't fit the overall theological framework. In simple terms, one teaching most often depends on other teachings. So we have to respect the whole system of thought in the different church bodies in order to properly understand their differences. For this reason, I think when we compare the Eucharist in the Roman and Lutheran traditions, we probably need to understand something about Apostolicity and Ecclesiology (doctrines about the Holy Church).
In the Nicene Creed, we have the article of faith that says:
"I believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church" Both Roman Catholics and Lutherans believe, teach and confess this. However, the meaning is regrettably taken in two very different ways.
The Roman Catholic Church understands this term "catholic", which means "universal", to refer to the instituted Roman Catholic Church with their holy orders, tradition, and Pope who governs all things; in other words, the Roman Catholic Church understands "catholic" to mean a visible institution. The Lutheran Church understands "catholic" to mean "universal", which is the literal meaning, referring to believers everywhere in the world and throughout all times. Not necessarily members of any particular church body, though Lutherans naturally believe that in their Church the Gospel, God's Word and Sacraments are rightly taught and upheld. So Lutherans teach that the Church of Christ is not any visible institution, but that the visible church bodies are a mixture of true believers and false believers, but that the true Holy Church is one and invisible, and consists of true believers only. So when Lutherans confess a belief in a "catholic church", we mean that the Holy Church is the communion of saints and true believers in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, our one God and one Lord Jesus Christ, where the Gospel is rightly taught and the Sacraments rightly administered.
The Roman Catholic Church understands this term "apostolic" to mean (1) that the Pope, sitting in St Peter's seat, is the current day apostle and vicar of Christ on earth. And that (2) the church, by divine right, carry Apostolic Succession through their orders. That is, they believe that the office of the ministry must come through a literal succession of men, performed by the church. This has huge implications and a lot more can be said about it, but the Lutheran Church teaches that the Church is called "apostolic" because it’s built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus as the Cornerstone. It’s also Apostolic given its doctrinal and historical connection with the Apostles, and that it continually sets forth the doctrine of the Apostles, remains steadfast in the teachings, and carries the apostolic mission of preaching the Gospel to the whole world. We recognise that the early Church rightly stressed the importance of Apostolicity, especially against heretics and schismatics, though Apostolicity should not be understood as a transmitting of divinely instituted authority or hierarchy (Roman Catholic understanding), which has no real Scriptural support, and is in fact, even an idea refuted by some of the Church Fathers.
So, with all of this about a catholic and apostolic Church in mind, we can see how different the framework of Roman Catholic doctrine is from Lutheran. Rooted in these different understandings about what it means to be "catholic and apostolic", the Roman Catholic Church teaches that their priests have a special divinely given authority to perform the Mass, and that it's via Apostolic Succession that the priest is qualified. The churches in Scandinavia do have Apostolic Succession, but because they're Lutheran, they don't view it as necessary for the administration of the Eucharist, because the Eucharist is God's grace and effective on account of God's own promise. To put it a bit more forcefully, the Eucharist is not valid on account of a priest with Apostolic Succession, but when a priest/pastor who are rightly and regularly called to his office by the Church, faithfully preach and administer God's Word and Sacraments in conformity with Apostolic doctrine, which is nothing else than God's Word. The pastors in LCMS do not have Apostolic Succession, but they are rightly Apostolic as explained above and therefore fully equipped and qualified to preach God's Word and administer the Sacraments.
