When it was "finished" in Exodus.
When Israel came out of Egypt they wandered the wilderness for 40 years of testing prior to reaching the Promised Land. The apostle Paul draws on that imagery:
1 Cor. 10:6-11, "Now these things took place as examples for us, that we might not desire evil as they did. Do not be idolaters as some of them were; as it is written, “The people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play.” We must not indulge in sexual immorality as some of them did, and twenty-three thousand fell in a single day. We must not put Christ to the test, as some of them did and were destroyed by serpents, nor grumble, as some of them did and were destroyed by the Destroyer. Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come."
When was It Finished in Leviticus?
Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, was the culmination of the 40 days season of Teshuvah. According to tradition the 40 days represent Moses’ ascension and stay on the mountain before his return from receiving the Law.
Teshuvah is associated with the 40 day period of Moses ascending to the mountain with God, and then coming back down. Then he found them worshiping the golden calf and smashed the Ten Commandments as a sign that they had already broken the covenant. He then dealt with them by separating those who worship Baal from those who worshiped God.
That was a type of Jesus ascending to the Father on the Mountain of the Lord in the New Covenant and subsequently coming on the clouds with judgment at the end of a 40 year transitional generation (Mt. 16:27-28, Mt. 24). That Jewish generation was to trust Christ's words by fleeing to the mountains when they saw the Roman armies approaching. Or by not trusting him in this New Covenant, the apostate Jews would remain in the city and be destroyed by Rome. Those who did not believe, despite Jesus' extraordinary efforts to convince them, were blotted out. Or to use Jesus' other analogy, He separated the wheat from the tares.
When was the Day of Atonement Finished?
Jesus fulfilled the Passover at his death,
then fulfilled Pentecost 50 days later by the outpouring of the Spirit. But
when was the Day of Atonement fulfilled in the earth like the others?
The imagery of the priest going into the tabernacle or the temple, was that though the priest entered into the Holy of Holies and placed the blood on the mercy seat,
it wasn't until the priest came back out and pronounced the blessing that the PROCESS OF ATONEMENT was "finished". Of course they were forgiven, accepted, loved, etc before he came "out". But notice what
wasn't finished.
So far, Jesus said it was finished regarding his earthly apostolic "sent" mission. Then he cried that it was finished at the cross as he died. Yet, it still wasn't finished because he had not yet applied his blood to the mercy seat of heaven, and He had not come back out of heaven separated from sin, to announce the clean slate on the Day of Atonement.
This is what the author of Hebrews is alluding to in 9:6-10,
Hebrews 9:6-10 ~ Now when these things had been thus prepared, the priests always went into the FIRST PART of the tabernacle, performing the services. But into the SECOND PART the high priest went alone once a year, not without blood, which he offered for himself and for the people’s sins committed in ignorance; the Holy Spirit indicating this, that the way into the Holiest of All was not yet made manifest while the first tabernacle was still standing. It was SYMBOLIC for the PRESENT TIME in which both gifts and sacrifices ARE offered which cannot make him who performed the service perfect in regard to the conscience— concerned only with foods and drinks, various washings, and fleshly ordinances imposed UNTIL THE TIME OF REFORMATION.
Clearly, in the days preceding the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, the author of Hebrews says that
the symbolism of a still standing system indicated that the way into the Holy of Holies was not yet made AT THEIR PRESENT TIME. The first part was opened (the altar), but the second part, only Jesus, the Great High Priest had passed through...
until the time of reformation (the destruction of the entire religious Jewish system). We know this because he says the old covenant was fading away and
was about to be removed (Heb. 8:13).