The Westminster Confession of Faith is probably the most well known "catechism" of Protestant Christianity.
But not all Protestant's agree with it. For example, reguarding Baptisim, the Westminster Shorter Catechism - Reformed (1648) states in question 94: What is baptism?
“Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, doth signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.”
And in question 95: To whom is baptism to be administered?
“Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him; but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptized.”
Where the Baptist Catechism (1689) states: in questions 97 and 99.
Question 97: What is baptism?
“Baptism is an ordinance of the New Testament instituted by Jesus Christ, to be unto the party baptized a sign of his fellowship with him, in his death, burial, and resurrection; of his being ingrafted into him (Rom. 6:3, 4, 5; Col. 2:12; Gal. 3:27); of remission of sins (Mk. 1:4; Acts 2:38, and 22:16); and of his giving up himself unto God through Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness of life (Rom. 6:3, 4).”
Question 99: Are the infants of such as are professing believers to be baptized?
“The infants of such as are professing believers are not to be baptized, because there is neither command or example in the holy scriptures, or certain consequence from them to baptize such (Ex. 23:13; Pr. 30:6; Lk. 3:7, 8).”
And Martin Luther's Small Catechism (1529) states in section 4:
The Sacrament of Holy Baptism.
“It works forgiveness of sins, delivers from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation to all who believe this, as the words and promises of God declare.”
“It is not the water indeed that does them, but the word of God which is in and with the water, and faith, which trusts such word of God in the water. For without the word of God the water is simple water and no baptism. But with the word of God it is a baptism, that is, a gracious water of life and a washing of regeneration in the Holy Ghost, as St. Paul says, Titus, chapter three: By the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost, which He shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ, our Savior, that, being justified by His grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. This is a faithful saying.”
“It signifies that the old Adam in us should, by daily contrition and repentance, be drowned and die with all sins and evil lusts, and, again, a new man daily come forth and arise; who shall live before God in righteousness and purity forever.”
And in the Methodist Missions Catechism (1853), it states in chapter 12:
Chapter XII - The Sacraments
“1. What is baptism? Baptism is a sign of the grace of God that makes us Christians.”
“2. Does Baptism make us Christians? No; water cannot make us Christians; grace makes us Christians.”
“4. Ought little children to be baptized? Yes, they belong to Christ.”
I could quote many more, but will end with the Presbyterian Intermediate Catechism (1912) in number 33 it states:
"#33 - Baptism is symbolic"
So with that being said, the Westminster Confession of Faith may be the most well known "catechism" of Protestant Christianity, but as we read above, not the exclusive or widely believed.