The command to increase in numbers is situational in the Bible.
When it was needed, God actually commanded the Jews and repeated the command to them at other times.
God did this in the Genesis (for obvious reasons) and then during Babylonian Captivity. Two separate times.
It would be interesting that Israel will face a dark period after Jesus left. But Jesus didn't tell the Jews to increase in numbers anymore (in literal terms). That time has passed.
Jesus meant a different thing whenever He said to increase in numbers - in the context of increasing the number of believers by preaching the Gospel.
And God does not want people living together in huge numbers (Tower of Babel incident). If the Bible doesn't discuss this extensively, there's plenty of reasons why it's a bad thing - disease, pollution, crime.
It would not be possible of course if the Earth is populated up to the neck. That's not the Will of the Lord for one thing, it will make life a lot harder for everyone. It's a lot worse in a 3rd world country, I know because I live in one. So yep, don't wish for it...