The "seen by Cepheus and then the 12"
I have a totally different take on that. I don't think the Cepheus spoken of there is Peter. Also the phrase "first seen by". The first follower who was known to the rest to see Jesus resurrected was Mary Magdalene. (Besides the fact that Peter is "one of the 12")
Now did someone named Cepheus see Jesus before even Mary did? That's the conclusion I came to and the reason I came to that conclusion is because Mary thought Jesus was the gardener. Now why'd she think he was the gardener? Probably because of what he was wearing.
The family in closest proximity of the grave site would have been the family of the cemetery caretaker. This Cepheus I think was a family member (probably son) of the cemetery caretaker. Being closest in physical proximity when the earthquake struck; he would have been the first mortal there.
Now my hypothesis here is that he (this family) was probably the one(s) who gave Jesus clothing. Obviously He would have needed clothing as He came out of the tomb naked. People's positions (even occupations) were identified by what they wore and so thus what they would have had to give Jesus would have been gardener clothing.
It's plausible too that Jesus took a bath and could have been given food too. If you know anything about burial customs of the time; He would have been covered in a sap type substance and this is probably also why the burial shroud was on the floor of the tomb and the face cloth was folded up and left in a different place.
The first entities to actually witness the resurrection would have been a couple of "angels" and these were probably "theophanies" of the Father and Spirit. It makes sense to me that the actual witnesses of the resurrection would have been representations of the other two persons of the Godhead.
Which, this sort of gets us into the definition of "angel"; which has already been subject of this thread as related to its use in the psalm "made a little lower than the angels".
I agree with
@Steven Beck that this verse is most likely a reference to God the Father. This fits into Isaiah ".... shall call his name wonderful, counselor, everlasting father....." That phrase there "everlasting Father" actually means "to be elevated to the status of". Jesus was not "God the Father"; (we're not modalists here - we're Trinitarians)! And Jesus upon completing the atonement is given all authority, dominion and power standing (resuming a position) as equal to the Father. In being incarnated, Jesus opted to forego all that He'd been in pre-incarnate eternity in order to accomplish the atonement.
Now the term Paul uses "lower than the angels". Paul uses the term "angolos" which is most commonly translated either "angel" or "messenger". Now this could be a created entity that is not a "carbon based life form"; or a disembodied saint. There is a passage in Revelation where someone who states himself to be "a brother with the testimony of Christ" (disembodied saint) is called an "angel". There's the "disembodied saint" type of "angel", there's these other entities God created that are not "carbon based" that are also called "angels" and then there are human messengers; which are often translated as such. "David sent a messenger to ...... ". Obviously we understand that as a human messenger.
So why did Paul use the term "angolos" in Hebrews?
Now if we take that to understand that "messenger" in that sense is reference to human beings; this makes complete contextual sense. As far as those non carbon based entities called angels. The Scripture says we will judge them. We do actually rank above them. Humanity is created in the image of God; those types of angels are not. Those non-carbon based entities; if they fall - that's it! There is no redemption plan for them. The fallen ones are not part of the created order that is raised incorruptible.
Now what does it mean that Christ is made a little lower than those He came to redeem? He came as a servant. The whole concept of redemption is entailed in the notion of God being a servant in order to free us from something we can't free ourselves from.
So that's what I think the total context is in "made him a little lower than God" but also "made him a little lower than the messengers". The people Jesus was "made a little lower than" were those He came to redeem. So now post accomplishing this; He is elevated to a status worthy of what He did.